Balbharati solutions for साइकोलॉजी [अंग्रेजी] कक्षा १२ महाराष्ट्र राज्य बोर्ड chapter 1 - Psychology : A Scientific Discipline [Latest edition]

Read the following statements.

Think and discuss whether the given statements are facts or myths and misconceptions about psychology:

1. Psychology is just common sense and not a real science.
2. Psychology is simply a pseudoscience.
3. Psychologists are simply mind readers or the face readers.
4. Psychology is related only to the study of crazy people who are in need of therapy.
5. Psychologists, psychiatrists and counsellors have the same professional qualifications and their jobs are almost of the same nature.
6. Anyone with a degree in psychology can provide counselling to a needy person.

Read the following statements and discuss about the same in the classroom:

1. Psychology is a science because it fulfills many conditions of science.
2. Psychology is not an exact science like physics or chemistry.
3. Psychology is a social science that studies human (and animal) behavior and mental processes.
4. Psychology uses some objective research methods, it examines cause-and-effect relationships to produce laws governing human behavior and its findings can be verified.
5. Psychology can be distinguished from pseudoscience and folk wisdom as psychology has evidence against its theories.
6. The subject matter of psychology is complex as human behavior is dynamic and the mental processes are abstract. Therefore, the theories of psychology are not as universal, exact and precise as those in physics and chemistry.

Visit the website given below and collect information about various schools of thought of psychology:

https://www. verywellmind.com/psychology-schoolsof-thought-2795247

Learn the Key Terms of experimental method with the help of given example:

1. Problem: To study the effect of music on the level of blood Pressure.
2. Hypothesis: The music will help in regulating the level of blood pressure.
3. Independent variable: Music.
4. Dependent variable: Level of blood pressure.
5. Intervening variables: Age, gender, all other sounds other than music, etc.
6. Experimenter: A person who will be conducting this experiment. (May be you or your psychology teacher.)
7. Participant: A person on whom this experiment will be conducted. (May be your family member/friend.)

Find out the Independent Variable and Dependent Variable from the experiment ideas given below:

1. To study the effect of practice on memory.
2. To study the effect of mental set on problem solving.
3. To study the effect of noise pollution on the speed of writing.
4. To study the effect of colour on perception.
5. To study the effect of feedback on decision making.

Conduct the following experiment and find out whether the color of text has any impact on memory:

1. Randomly assign participants to two groups. (See to it that age, gender, cultural background, etc. of all participants is same.)
2. Ask one group to read a list of 20 words written in black ink for 5 minutes.
3. Ask the second group to read a list of the same 20 words for the same amount of time, but instead written in green ink.
4. After 5 minutes, ask participants from both the group to write down as many words as they can recall on a plain paper.
5. Compare the recall scores and conclude.

Discuss about the following topics which can be studied using survey method:

1. Determinants of job satisfaction
2. The problems of working women
3. Exercise and physical health
4. Causes of students absenteeism
5. Causes of alcoholism
6. Addiction to virtual online games.
7. Social networking and cyber-crimes
8. Problems faced by senior

Discuss about the following topics which can be studied using observation method:

1. Aggressive tendencies shown by teenagers.
2. Reactions of passengers stuck in heavy traffic.
3. Body language of students participating in the elocution competition.
4. Civic sense shown at public places.
5. Student’s behaviour at the book exhibition.

Discuss about the following topics which can be studied using case history method:

1. A patient suffering from phobia
2. A student suffering from dyslexia
3. A farmer who attempted suicide
4. A successful young entrepreneur
5. Gold medallist athlete

Discuss about the following topics that can be studied using correlation study method:

1. Bunking lectures and score in exams
2. Weight and intelligence
3. Amount of salary and level of job satisfaction
4. Rehearsal and forgetting
5. Height and aptitude in music
6. Urbanization and pollution
7. Speed of vehicles and road accidents

Till 1879, psychology was a branch of ______.

Psychology is a ______ science.

______ is considered the founder of Psychoanalysis.

Match the Pairs :

Psychology is a study of mental processes.

State whether the following statement is true or false :

Case study method is quite often used by clinical psychologists.

An experimenter is a person on whom the experiment is conducted.

Answer in one sentence:

In which year was the first psychology laboratory established?

Answer in One sentence:

Who is considered as the 'Father of American Psychology'?

Answer the following in one sentence:

What is meant by an experimenter?

Define the following concept:

Replicability

Define the following concept:

Correlation coefficient

Write short note on the following:

Observation method

Explain the following concept in 25 to 30 words:

Survey Method

Write a short note on the following:

Case study method

Write short notes on the following:

Importance of Rationality

Write detailed information of the experimental method in psychology.

Explain some of the challenges in establishing psychology as a science.

Explain some of the characteristics of a rational individual.

Explain the types of correlation.

Explain the key features of science.

How Rational Am I?

Identify the strongest and the weakest characteristics in you from those explained by Dr. Albert Ellis.

How Rational Am I?

How will you work on your weakest characteristic? Write two strategies.