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The teacher asked, “How many of you think the answer is correct?”
(Rewrite the sentence using indirect speech)
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“I am sorry for insulting you,” said Lakshmi to Madhu.
(Begin : Lakshmi apologized.....)
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Notice the highlighted words in the following sentences.
1. “When I leave,’ Sophie said, coming home from school, “I’m going to have a boutique.”
2. Jansie, linking arms with her along the street, looked doubtful.
3. “I’ll find it,” Sophie said, staring far down the street.
4. Jansie, knowing they were both earmarked for the biscuit factory, became melancholy.
5. And she turned in through the open street door leaving Jansie standing in the rain.
– When we add “ing” to a verb we get the present participle form. The present participle form is generally used along with forms of “be’, (is, was, are, were, am) to indicate the continuous tense as in “Sophie was coming home from school.”
– We can use the present participle by itself without the helping verb, when we wish to indicate that an action is happening at the same time as another.
– In example 1, Sophie “said” something. “Said”, here, is the main action.
– What Sophie was doing while she was “saying” is indicated by “coming home from school”. So we get the information of two actions happening at the same time. We convey the information in one sentence instead of two.
I. Analyse the other examples in the same way.
II. Pick out five other sentences from the story in which present participles are used in this sense.
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That need not happen.
(Rewrite: using does)
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Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, following the direction given with the following question.
Lata said she would only go to the party if her mother bought her a new dress. (Use ‘UNLESS’)
Lata said she ______ her mother bought her a new dress.
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Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, following the direction given with the following question.
I'm sorry I didn't meet you at the airport - my car wasn't working. (Use ‘MET’)
I ______ at the airport if my car had been working.
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Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, following the direction given with the following question.
My uncle would call my dog 'the wolf' when he used to visit. (Use ‘REFER’)
My uncle would ______ 'the wolf' when he used to visit.
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Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, following the direction given with the following question.
Fifty years ago, cars were slower than they are nowadays. (Use ‘AS’)
Fifty years ago, cars ______ they are nowadays.
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Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, following the direction given with the following question.
Some shops try really hard to help you. (Use 'EFFORT’)
Some shops really ______ to help you.
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Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, following the direction given with the following question.
Have you got a belt that is cheaper than this one? (Use ‘LESS’)
Have you got ______ than this one?
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Anne paid a heavy price for her recklessness.
(Begin: It........)
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He does not intend to leave the company.
(Use: Intention...)
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Both the players are not adequately prepared for the tournament.
(Begin: Neither....)
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This horse is better trained than yours.
(Begin: Your…......)
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She opened the kitchen door, and a cockroach ran out.
(End with ‘cockroach’)
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Suresh suddenly thought of a splendid idea.
(End: .....to Suresh)
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Look up the meanings of the following phrases under ‘dream’ and ‘sell’ in the dictionary
| dream | sell |
| dream on | sell-by date |
| dream something away | selling-point |
| (not) dream of doing something | sell-out |
| dream something up | selling price |
| look like a dream | seller’s market |
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Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
| 1. | A fisherman, enfeebled with age, could no longer go out to sea so he began fishing in the river. Every morning he would go down to the river and sit there fishing the whole day long. In the evening he would sell whatever he had caught, buy food for himself and go home. It was a hard life for an old man. One hot afternoon while he was trying to keep awake and bemoaning his fate, a large bird with silvery feathers alighted on a rock near him. It was Kaha, the heavenly bird. “Have you no one to care for you, grandpa?” asked the bird. “Not a soul.” “You should not be doing such work at your age,” said the bird. “From now on I will bring you a big fish every evening. You can sell it and live in comfort.” True to her word, the bird began to drop a large fish at his doorstep every evening. All that the fisherman had to do was take it to the market and sell it. As big fish were in great demand, he was soon rolling in money. He bought a cottage near the sea, with a garden around it and engaged a servant to cook for him. His wife had died some years earlier. He had decided to marry again and began to look for a suitable woman. |
| 2. | One day he heard the royal courtier make an announcement. Our king has news of a great bird called Kaha,” said the courtier. “Whoever can give information about this bird and help catch it, will be rewarded with half the gold in the royal treasury and half the kingdom!” The fisherman was sorely tempted by the reward. Half the kingdom would make him a prince! |
| 3. | “Why does the king want the bird,” he asked. “He has lost his sight,” explained the courtier. “A wise man has advised him to bathe his eyes with the blood of Kaha. Do you know where she can be found?” “No…I mean …no, no…” Torn between greed and his sense of gratitude to the bird, the fisherman could not give a coherent reply. The courtier, sensing that he knew something about the bird, informed the king. The king had him brought to the palace. |
| 4. | “If you have information about the bird, tell me”, urged the king. “I will reward you handsomely and if you help catch her, I will personally crown you king of half my domain.” “I will get the bird for you,” cried the fisherman, suddenly making up his mind. “But Kaha is strong. I will need help. The king sent a dozen soldiers with him. That evening when the bird came with the fish, the fisherman called out to her to wait. “You drop the fish and go and I never get a chance to thank you for all that you‘ve done for me," he said. “Today I have laid out a feast for you inside. Please alight and come in. Kaha was reluctant to accept the invitation but the fisherman pleaded so earnestly that she finally gave in, and alighted. The moment she was on the ground, the fisherman grabbed one of her legs and shouted to the soldiers hiding in his house to come out. They rushed to his aid but their combined effort could not keep Kaha down. |
| 5. | She rose into the air with the fisherman still clinging to her leg. By the time he realised he was being carried away, the fisherman was too high in the air to let go. He hung on grimly, and neither he nor Kaha was ever seen again. |
Pick out the words/phrases from the passage which are opposite in meaning to the following:
- Take off (Para 1)
- Readily (Para 4)
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Read this sentence.
M. Hamel had said that he would question us on participles.
In the sentence above, the verb form “had said” in the first part is used to indicate an “earlier past.” The whole story is narrated in the past. M. Hamel’s “saying” happened earlier than the events in this story. This form of the verb is called the past perfect.
Pick out five sentences from the story with this form of verb and say why this form has been used.
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Notice the spelling of the following words
| houres | shadowes | Sunne |
| noone | clearnesse | behinde |
The ‘e’ that was used in Donne’s period got dropped from English orthography later. Pick out the other words in the poem that have this peculiar feature.
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