Key Points
|
Aspect |
Maldives |
Sri Lanka (Ceylon) |
Myanmar (Burma) |
General Decolonisation in Asia |
|
Colonial Power |
Portuguese → Dutch → British |
British (1798–1948) |
Portuguese → British |
Mainly Britain and France |
|
Key Developments |
Treaty with Dutch; later British control; naval base established |
Plantation economy (coffee, tea, rubber); port of Colombo developed |
Annexed to British India; later separated (1935); rise of Aung San |
Accelerated after World Wars; anti-colonial movements strengthened |
|
Role of World Wars |
Impacted British control |
British weakened after Second World War |
Japanese occupation during Second World War; Burma Independence Army formed |
Atlantic Charter; League of Nations and UN supported decolonisation |
|
Independence |
26 July 1965 (Treaty of Colombo) |
1948 |
4 January 1948 |
Most Asian colonies gained independence mid-20th century |
|
Significance |
End of long European control |
Emergence as sovereign nation |
Popular movements forced British withdrawal |
Marked decline of European imperialism in Asia |
|
Aspect |
Key Details |
Important Events/Organisations |
Countries/Regions |
Outcome/Result |
|
Rise of Nationalism |
African leaders educated in European system developed national awareness |
Influence of American Independence, French Revolution and Nationalism |
Various African colonies |
Growth of national pride and independence movements |
|
Impact of Second World War |
England and France granted more rights after the war |
Post–World War II reforms |
African colonies under Britain and France |
Strengthening of freedom movements |
|
Pan-African Movement |
Idea of African unity promoted |
African Association, Pan-African Congress (1900, 1919, 1945) |
London, Paris, Manchester |
Unity among African nations deepened |
|
League of Nations and Trusteeship |
Former German colonies placed under supervision |
League of Nations mandate system (1919) |
African territories under Germany |
Gradual internal autonomy and independence |
|
Independence of African Nations |
Freedom achieved in mid-20th century |
Ghana, Algeria (1962), Tanzania (1964) etc. |
Ivory Coast, Mali, Cameroon, Somalia, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco |
Decolonisation of Africa completed gradually by late 20th century |
Important Questions [12]
- Answer the following question with the help of given points: Write about the liberation (freedom) of colonies : Maldives Sri Lanka
- Explain the following statement with a reason: There were three wars fought between the British and Myanmar.
- Write the name of historical place/person/event: Organisation that played an important role in decolonisation after Second World War -
- State your opinion: Trustee system adopted by League of Nations was failed.
- Complete the concept map. Countries that became independent from the control of French
- Find the incorrect pair from group ‘B’, and write the corrected one. Bandung – Bandung Conference, Paris – The first Pan-African Congress in 1919,
- Write information about decolonisation in the African continent.
- The independence movement had intensified in Africa.
- During the Second World War, the independence movements in Africa were more intensified ______.
- Write a short note. Bandung Conference
- Explain the following statement with reason. The end of the Second World War created an environment in which the process of decolonisation gained speed.
- The first conference of Asian and African nations was held at ______ in Indonesia.
