हिंदी

Revision: Tertiary Economic Activities Geography HSC Arts (English Medium) 12th Standard Board Exam Maharashtra State Board

Define transport.

Transport is the movement of people, animals and things from one place to another.

Define communication.

Communication is the process of transmitting information from one place to another through a medium.

Definition: Communication

"Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons." - Newman and Summers
"Communication is the sum-total of all the things one person does when he wants to create understanding in the mind of another. It is a bridge of meaning. It involves a systematic and continuing process of telling, listening and understanding." - Allen
"Administrative communication is a process which involves the transmission and accurate replication of ideas ensured by feedback for the purpose of eliciting actions which will accomplish organisational goals." - Scott
Communication is transfer of information from the sender to the receiver with the information being understood by the receiver. - Harold Koontz and Heniz Weihrich
Communication is a process by which people create and share information with one another in order to reach common understanding. - Rogers

Definition: Transportation

Transportation is a service or facility through which passengers, freight and industrial products are carried from one place to another.

Definition: Trade

Trade means the voluntary exchange of goods and services, where two or more parties are involved

Key Points: Communication

Communication derives from Latin communis - means creating common understanding.
It is a two-way, dynamic, goal-oriented, and continuous process.
The communication process has 8 key elements: sender, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, and noise.
Noise can be physical, psychological, or semantic - it distorts the message.
A manager's directing effectiveness depends heavily on communication skills.
Communication serves 7 key managerial purposes: coordination, functioning, decision-making, efficiency, cooperation, leadership, and morale.

Key Points: Classification of Tertiary Economic Activities> Trade

Trade is the voluntary exchange of goods and services between two or more parties. It can be internal (within a country) or international.
International trade happens due to specialisation and comparative advantage, when countries benefit by exchanging goods.
Differences in natural resources lead to trade, as resources like soil, minerals, and oil are unevenly distributed.
Climate affects production; for example, tropical countries export tea and coffee, while cold countries export meat and wool.
Population factors such as size, skills, and standard of living influence production and demand, which affects trade.
Culture and specialisation promote trade, as some regions are famous for specific products like carpets, silk, or technology services.
Economic cost and government policies also influence trade; countries import goods if production is costly, and trade policies may encourage or restrict trade.

Key Points: Classification of Tertiary Economic Activities> Tourism

Tourism is an important tertiary (service) activity and has grown rapidly due to improved transport and infrastructure.
Tourism contributes significantly to a country’s GDP and employment, especially in island countries.
Physical factors affecting tourism include climate, relief, altitude, biodiversity, water availability, and location.
Human factors include transport facilities, lodging and boarding, cultural diversity, and government policies.
Political stability and good infrastructure are important for the development of tourism.

Key Points: Classification of Tertiary Economic Activities> Communication

Communication is a means by which people share information using signs, speech, symbols, or technology.
In earlier times, people used simple methods like smoke signals, while today we use telephones, mobiles, and the internet.
This is the era of information, and technology has greatly improved communication systems.
Satellites play an important role in communication and provide information about weather, cyclones, minerals, and location.
Communication is an important tertiary activity and supports regional development.

Key Points: Classification of Tertiary Economic Activities> Transportation

Transportation is a tertiary activity that carries passengers and goods from one place to another and is essential for economic development.
There are three main modes of transport: land, water, and air.
The development of transport depends on geographical factors like relief, location, and climate.
Ports develop in suitable coastal areas, and major world trade mostly happens through ocean routes (e.g., Suez Canal and Panama Canal).
Air transport requires a favourable climate, advanced technology, and plain land for airports.

Key Points: Classification of Economic Sectors

Primary activities are directly dependent on nature and provide natural resources (e.g., agriculture, fishing, mining).
Secondary activities involve processing raw materials from primary activities to make finished and more valuable products.
Tertiary activities provide services that link primary and secondary activities, such as transport, trade, communication, and banking.
Tertiary activities are also called the service sector, as they provide services instead of producing goods.
Tertiary activities are influenced by geographical factors like climate, location, nearness to the sea, and transport facilities.
Markets and service centres usually develop near human settlements, while industries may be located away from them.
Transportation (airways, waterways, etc.) plays an important role in trade, especially for perishable and export goods.