Definitions [1]
Define Prokaryotic cells.
- It has no true nucleus.
- This type of nucleus is called a nucleoid.
- No nuclear membrane is around the nucleoid.
- It is ranging from 0.003 to 2.0 micrometers in diameter.
Key Points
Key Points: Mitochondria
- Mitochondria are double-walled organelles, usually sausage-shaped, with inner folds called cristae.
- They have their own DNA and ribosomes, enabling some self-functioning.
- Known as the powerhouse of the cell, they produce ATP through aerobic respiration.
- Responsible for the release of energy from pyruvic acid formed in the cytoplasm.
- Involved in the synthesis of respiratory enzymes.
Key Points: Vacuoles & Granules
- Vacuoles are clear spaces containing water or dissolved substances, enclosed by a membrane called the tonoplast.
- Plant cells have fewer but larger vacuoles, while animal cells have smaller ones.
- Vacuoles store water, food, pigments, and waste, and help maintain cell turgidity.
- Some vacuoles contain pigments like anthocyanins (violet-blue).
- Granules are non-living particles (starch, glycogen, fats) that serve as food reserves for the cell.
