Question

Write a short note on the function of the following hormone:

Insulin and Glucagon

Answer 1

Insulin and glucagon: Glucagon and insulin are secreted by cells of the pancreas. They regulate the blood glucose level in the body. α-cells secrete glucagon that maintains a normal blood glucose level in the body, whereas β-cells secrete insulin that regulates the storage of glycogen in the liver.

1. Function of insulin:
   • Insulin stimulates glycogenesis (the conversion of glucose to glycogen).
   • The rapid conversion of glucose from the blood to glycogen in hepatocytes and adipocytes results into a decreased glucose level.
   • Insulin also prevents the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate substances such as proteins and fats. Hence, it acts as a regulator of carbohydrate metabolism.
2. Function of glucagon:
   • The main function of the glucagon is to increase the level of glucose when there is a deficiency of glucose in the body.
   • This process is known as glycogenolysis.