Question

Write a short note on cryopreservation.

Answer 1

Cryopreservation is the preservation of germplasm at ultra low temperatures, typically by cooling cells or tissues slowly to around −38°C and then plunging them into liquid nitrogen at −196°C. This process stops all biological activity and biochemical reactions, thereby preventing cell death. It is used for long-term storage of plant and animal germplasm, including zygotic and somatic embryos, shoot tips, and tissues. Cryopreservation allows virtually indefinite storage of genetic material, which can be useful in germplasm conservation and breeding programs. Cryoprotectants like glycerol or dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) are used to dehydrate and protect the tissues during freezing.