Question

The declining Sex Ratio in India 1901 – 2011 is given below:

Year	Sex Ratio all age groups	Variation over previous decade	Child Sex Ratio (0 – 6 years)	Variation over previous decade
1901	972	-	-	-
1911	964	– 8	-	-
1921	955	– 9	-	-
1931	950	– 5	-	-
1941	945	– 5	-	-
1951	946	+ 1	-	-
1961	941	– 5	976	-
1971	930	– 11	964	– 12
1981	934	+ 4	962	– 2
1991	927	– 7	945	– 17
2001	933	+ 6	927	– 18
2011	943	+ 10	919	– 8

Based on the above data, answer the following questions.

1. What are the reasons for the declining child sex ratio?
2. Based on the above data, compare the data of the 20^th century with that of the 21^st century and state your inferences.

Answer 1

1. The child sex ratio has been declining due to several factors, with gender discrimination being a major reason. Many families show a strong preference for sons over daughters. The misuse of ultrasound technology has led to an increase in female foeticide, where female foetuses are aborted before birth. Neglect of girl children also contributes to this problem, as girls often receive less nutrition and medical care than boys. Social and economic pressures further discourage families from having daughters, as many view them as a financial burden.
2. Comparison of data from the 20^th century (1901–2000) with the 21^st century (2001–2011) along with conclusions drawn:
   1. Sex Ratio (All Age Group):
      • 20^th Century: The sex ratio steadily declined from 972 in 1901 to 927 in 1991, with slight fluctuations.
      • 21^th Century: The ratio improved from 933 in 2001 to 943 in 2011, showing a positive change.
   2. Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years):
      • 20^th Century: The child sex ratio consistently declined, from 976 in 1961 to 945 in 1991.
      • 21^th Century: The ratio continued to decline from 927 in 2001 to 919 in 2011.
   3. Inference: Although the overall sex ratio has improved in the 21st century, the child sex ratio is still declining, indicating the need for focused efforts to tackle gender bias and promote gender equality, particularly among children.