Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
State and explain the law of demand.
Advertisements
उत्तर
The law of demand was introduced by Prof. Alfred Marshall in his book, ‘Principles of Economics’, which was published in 1890. The law explains the functional relationship between price and quantity demanded.
According to Prof. Alfred Marshall, “Other things being equal, the higher the price of a commodity, the smaller is the quantity demanded, and the lower the price of a commodity, the larger is the quantity demanded.” In other words, other factors remaining constant, if the price of a commodity rises, demand for it falls; and when the price of a commodity falls, demand for it rises. Thus, there is an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. Symbolically, the functional relationship between demand and price is expressed as:
Dx = f (Px)
Where D = Demand for a commodity
x = Commodity
f = Function
Px = Price of a commodity
| Price of a commodity ‘x’ (₹) |
Quantity demanded of the commodity ‘x’ (in kgs.) |
| 50 | 1 |
| 40 | 2 |
| 30 | 3 |
| 20 | 4 |
| 10 | 5 |
As shown in the table, when the price of commodity ‘x’ is ₹ 50, the quantity demanded is 1 kg. When the price falls from ₹ 50 to ₹ 40, the quantity demanded rises from 1 kg to 2 kg. Similarly, at a price of ₹ 30, the quantity demanded is 3 kgs, and when the price falls from ₹ 20 to ₹ 10, the quantity demanded rises from 4 kgs to 5 kgs. Thus, as the price of a commodity falls, quantity demanded rises, and when the price of the commodity rises, quantity demanded falls. This shows an inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded.
The X-axis represents the demand for the commodity, and the Y-axis represents the price of the commodity x. DD is the demand curve, which slopes downward from left to right because price and quantity demanded are inversely related.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Demand for necessaries is................
(elastic / inelastic / infinitely elastic / unitary elastic)
| Group 'A' | Group 'B' | ||
| a. | Pen and ink | 1 | Quantity-price |
| b. | Revenue | 2 | Accident |
| c. | Insurable risk | 3 | Transfer income |
| d. | Unemployment allowance | 4 | Short period |
| e. | Reverse repo rate | 5 | Long period |
| 6 | Change in demand | ||
| 7 | Joint demand | ||
| 8 | Quantity * price |
State whether the following statement is True or False.
Demand for perishable goods is inelastic.
Define demand. Name the factors affecting market demand.
When does ‘decrease’ in demand take place?
What is meant by inelastic demand?
The demand of a commodity, when measured through the expenditure approach, is inelastic. A fall in its price will result in : (choose the correct alternative)
(a) No change in expenditure on it.
(b) Increase in expenditure on it.
(c) Decrease in expenditure on it.
(d) Anyone of the above.
Any statement above demand for a good is considered complete only when the following is/are mentioned in it. ( choose the correct alternative)
a) Price of the good
b) Quantity of good
c) Period of time
d) All of the above
Demand for a good is termed inelastic through the expenditure approach when if (choose the correct alternative)
a) Price of good falls, expenditure on it rises
b) Price of the good falls, expenditure in it falls
c) Price of the good falls, expenditure on it remains unchanged
d) Price of the good rises, expenditure in it falls
Distinguish between ‘increase in demand’ and increase in quantity demanded of a good.
When the income of the consumer falls the impact on a price-demand curve of an inferior good is: (choose the correct alternative)
a. Shifts to the right.
b. Shifts of the left.
c. There is upward movement along the curve.
d. There is downward movement along the curve
When is demand called perfectly inelastic?
Give one reason for shift in demand curve.
Explain the following concept:
Effective demand
State whether the following statement is True or False :
Demand for necessary goods is inelastic.
Fill in the blank with proper alternatives given in the bracket:
Indirect demand is also known as _______ demand.
Fill in the blank using proper alternatives given in the bracket:
Demand for salt is ...............
Write whether the following statement is True or False:
Demand curve has a positive slope.
Write whether the following statement is True or False:
Salt has elastic demand.
Define the concept of demand schedule.
Distinguish between :
Individual demand schedule and Market demand schedule.
Write Explanatory answer.
State and explain the law of demand with its exception.
Write the answer in ‘one’ or ‘two’ paras.
What are the main determinants of aggregate demand?
Fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given below
When price of commodity rises, the demand for it ______________.
Fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given below:
When less is purchased at the constant price, it is called _______ in demand.
Fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given below:
When the price of petrol goes up, demand of cars will ___________.
Fill in the blank with appropriate alternatives given below:
Market demand is an aggregate of purchasing by _________ buyers.
State whether the following statement is TRUE and FALSE
Desire means demand.
State whether the following statement is TRUE and FALSE
When demand increases, the demand curve shifts to the left.
State whether the following statement is TRUE and FALSE
Law of demand is explained by Prof. Robbins.
State whether the following statement is TRUE and FALSE
Individual demand is a demand by single buyer.
Define or explain the following concept:
Direct demand
Give reason or explain the following statement.
Increase in demand indicates a rightward shift in the demand curve.
Give reason or explain the following statement.
Demand curve slopes downward from left to right.
What do you mean by demand?
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Demand for luxurious goods is elastic .
Answer the following question.
Discuss the relationship between the income of the consumer and demand for a commodity with respect to normal goods, inferior goods, and necessities.
Distinguish between normal goods and inferior goods, with examples.
If the income of a consumer increases, discuss briefly its likely impact on the demand for a inferior good, Good X.
Choose the correct answer from given options
In the given figure X1Y1 and X2Y2 are Production Possibility Curves in two different periods T1 and T2 respectively for Good X and Good Y. A1 and A2 represent actual outputs and P1 and P2 represent potential outputs respectively in the two times periods.
The change in actual output of Goods X and Y over the two periods would be represented by a movement from __________.
Answer the following question:
Elaborate the law of demand, with the help of a hypothetical schedule.
We say that there is a decrease in demand when ______
Which of the following points relates to the transaction demand for money?
There is a sudden change in climatic conditions resulting in hot weather. Assuming no change in the price of the cold drinks, it will lead to ______
Which of the following points are related to the 'Paradox of Thrift'?
Increase in price of substitute goods leads to ______
From the set of statements given in Column A and Column B, choose the correct pair of statement:
| Column A | Column B |
| 1. Reduction of pollution | (a) Microeconomics |
| 2. Problems due to unemployment | (b) Microeconomics |
| 3. Shift in the demand curve | (c) Microeconomics |
| 4. Government expenditure on building of roads | (d) Microeconomics |
Are the concepts of demand for domestic goods and domestic demand for goods the same?
Identify the correct pair of items from the following Columns I and II:
| Column I | Column II |
| (1) Utility | (a) Bread and butter |
| (2) Normal Goods | (b) Rise in price |
| (3) Contraction in demand | (c) Capacity of a commodity to satisfy human wants. |
| (4) Complementary goods | (d) Positively related |
If the increase in demand is greater than the increase in supply, then equilibrium price will ______
Which of the following statements is true?
Which of the following have elastic demand?
Identify the two cost curves which start from the same point on the Y-axis.
Aggregate demand can be decreased by:
Which of the following statements is true?
Identify the market form which has indeterminate demand curve:
Read the following news report and answer the Q.97-Q.100 on the basis of the same:
The quantity of a commodity that a consumer is willing to buy and is able to afford, given the prices of goods and the consumer's tastes and preferences is called demand for the commodity. Whenever one or more of these variables change, the quantity of the good Chosen by the consumer is likely to change as well. The relation between the consumer's optimal choice of the quantity of a good and its price is very important and this relation is called the demand function. Thus, the consumer's demand function for a good gives the amount of the good that the consumer chooses at different levels of its price when the other things remain.
In which of the following cases there will be leftward shift in demand?
Read the following news report and answer the Q.97-Q.100 on the basis of the same:
The quantity of a commodity that a consumer is willing to buy and is able to afford, given the prices of goods and the consumer's tastes and preferences is called demand for the commodity. Whenever one or more of these variables change, the quantity of the good Chosen by the consumer is likely to change as well. The relation between the consumer's optimal choice of the quantity of a good and its price is very important and this relation is called the demand function. Thus, the consumer's demand function for a good gives the amount of the good that the consumer chooses at different levels of its price when the other things remain.
The price elasticity of demand for a good depends on ______ and ______ of the good.
The demand curve of a firm under monopoly is ______
"Market demand curve is constructed by horizontally summing all the individual's demand curves at each and every price." Choose the correct option for the above-mentioned statement.
When the price of the commodity has changed the demand for the commodity changes in ______
If there is no change in the demand for commodity X, even after a rise in its price, then its demand is ______
Read the case study and answer the questions 97 to 100:
The Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational beverage company, with its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. The first company that conducted its operation in the soft drink industry was Coca-Cola. It is the world's largest non-alcoholic beverage company serving more than 1.8 billion consumers daily in more than 200 countries. It has a portfolio of more than 3,500 (more than 800 no or low-calorie) products. However, the company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola which was originally intended to be a patented medicine invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Smith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. The Coca-Cola products can be termed as normal goods and in August 2019 Coca-Cola introduced a new product into the market, that is, zero sugar where the demand has increased for the product in the market.
According to the council of the Australian Food Technology Association and Institute of Food Science and Technology, the Australian nonalcoholic beverages industry has been growing steadily, with a 2.3 percent increase in overall production in the year 2000 which amounts to 2.25 billion liters. However, in the re~ent years, sales of customary carbonated soft drinks have dropped as more and more customers become health conscious and move away from high-calorie sugary drinks. Soft Carbonated drinks. and other alcohol-free beverage manufacturers have also sensed the effects of intensifying competition from private-label soft drink makers. Nevertheless, sales of greater value energy and sports drinks have driven profit generation in the industry.
The demand for Coca-cola is ______ in the present times.
Read the case study and answer the questions 97 to 100:
The Coca-Cola Company is an American multinational beverage company, with its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. The first company that conducted its operation in the soft drink industry was Coca-Cola. It is the world's largest non-alcoholic beverage company serving more than 1.8 billion consumers daily in more than 200 countries. It has a portfolio of more than 3,500 (more than 800 no or low-calorie) products. However, the company is best known for its flagship product Coca-Cola which was originally intended to be a patented medicine invented in 1886 by pharmacist John Smith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. The Coca-Cola products can be termed as normal goods and in August 2019 Coca-Cola introduced a new product into the market, that is, zero sugar where the demand has increased for the product in the market.
According to the council of the Australian Food Technology Association and Institute of Food Science and Technology, the Australian nonalcoholic beverages industry has been growing steadily, with a 2.3 percent increase in overall production in the year 2000 which amounts to 2.25 billion liters. However, in the re~ent years, sales of customary carbonated soft drinks have dropped as more and more customers become health conscious and move away from high-calorie sugary drinks. Soft Carbonated drinks. and other alcohol-free beverage manufacturers have also sensed the effects of intensifying competition from private-label soft drink makers. Nevertheless, sales of greater value energy and sports drinks have driven profit generation in the industry.
What has happened to the demand of zero sugar carbonated drinks?
In an open economy, Aggregate Demand is estimated as:
Demand deposits include:
Which of the following statements is true?
Assertion (A): Demand deposits are not legal tenders.
Reason (R): They are with the bank, so only can be used as a legal tender when cheques are issued for the transfer.
Milk is used for making curd, sweets and chocolates.
What type of demand does milk have? Give a reason.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.
|
In India, Fixed deposits have long been a favourite investment choice of people, especially senior citizens, as it promise steady returns. It attracts those who are seeking a stable income. But it’s an illusion in the period of inflation. Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, subsequently eroding the purchasing power of money. In simple terms, what money could buy today might not a few years down the line. Fixed deposits are financial instruments offered by banks where you deposit a lump sum amount for a fixed period at a predetermined rate of interest. Consider an investment of Rs 1 crore in a fixed deposit at a 6% annual interest rate and the annual rate of inflation is 5%. By the 10th year your pre inflation return is 1.79 crore, but post inflation it’s just 1.10 crore. The nominal value of investment in fixed deposits may appear to grow, inflation significantly diminishes their real value and purchasing power over time.
|
- What is the theme of the extract? (2)
- Differentiate between Demand pull and Cost push inflation. (2)
- What are the demand deposits and time deposits? (2)
- Since 1998 RBI has been using new measures of money supply, M0, M1, M2 and M3. Which one of these measures incorporates fixed deposit as one of its components? Mention the other components of that measure. (2)
What is necessary for want to become demand?
Which of the following is an example of effective demand?
Demand for air or sunlight is not considered in economics because ______.
Micro view of demand relates to ______.
The formula for demand can be written as ______.
