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प्रश्न
Show that the relation R in the set A of points in a plane given by R = {(P, Q) : distance of the point P from the origin is the same as the distance of the point Q from the origin} is an equivalence relation. Further, show that the set of all points related to a point P ≠ (0, 0) is the circle passing through P with the origin as its centre.
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उत्तर
R = {(P, Q) : distance of point P from the origin is the same as the distance of point Q from the origin}
Let P(x1, y1), Q(x2, y2) and O(0, 0)
∴ OP = OQ
= `sqrt(x_1^2+ y_1^2) = sqrt(x_2^2 + y_2^2)`
= `x_1^2 + y_1^2 = x_2^2 + y_2^2`
(i) Reflexive:
P ∈ A
The distance of the point P from the origin is the same as the distance of the point P from the origin.
OP = OP
⇒ (P, P) ∈ R
∴ R is reflexive.
(ii) Symmetric:
P, Q ∈ A, If (P, Q) ∈ R
⇒ The distance of point P from the origin is the same as the distance of point Q from the origin.
OP = OQ
⇒ OQ = OP
⇒ (Q, P) ∈ R
∴ R is symmetric.
(iii) Transitive:
P, Q, S ∈ R, (P, Q) ∈ R and (Q, S) ∈ R
⇒ OP = OQ and OQ = OS
⇒ OP = OS
⇒ (P, S) ∈ R
∴ R is transitive.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation.
We have to find the set of points related to P ≠ (0, 0).
As `x_1^2 + y_1^2 = x_2^2 + y_2^2 = r^2`
⇒ x2 + y2 = r2 which represents a circle with centre (0, 0) and radius = r.
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