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प्रश्न
Short answer question
Explain how the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system function as a closely integrated system.
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उत्तर
i. The adrenal medulla is the inner region of the adrenal gland. It is the modified sympathetic ganglion of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
ii. The chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla secrete hormones rather than releasing a neurotransmitter. These cells are innervated by sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons of the autonomous nervous system (ANS).
iii. The autonomous nervous exerts direct control over the chromaffin cells, thus the hormones – adrenaline and nor adrenaline can be released quickly into the blood.
iv. The impulses from the hypothalamus stimulate sympathetic pre-ganglionic neurons which in turn stimulate the chromaffin cells to secrete adrenaline to nor-adrenaline.
v. The fight-or-flight response is initiated by nerve impulses from the hypothalamus to the sympathetic nervous system, including the adrenal medulla. This response rapidly increases circulation, promotes ATP production, and decreases non-essential activities.
Thus, the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system function in a closely integrated manner.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Given below is the outline of the human body showing the important glands :
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(ii) Name the hormone secreted by part 2. Give one important function of this hormone.
(iii) Name the endocrine part of the numbered 3.
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Rewrite the correct form of the statement : Alpha cells of pancreas secrete Insulin.
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Match the items given in Column A with the most appropriate ones in Column B and rewrite the correct matching pairs
| Column A | Column B | ||
| 1 | Cretinism | a | Hypersecretion of the adrenal cortex |
| 2 | Diabetes insipidus | b | Hyposecretion of Thyroxine |
| 3 | Exophthalmic Goitre | c | Hyposecretion of growth hormone |
| 4 | Adrenal virilism | d | Hyposecretion of Vasopressin |
| 5 | Dwarfism | e | Hyposecretion of the adrenal cortex |
| f | Hypersecretion of Growth hormone | ||
| g | Hypersecretion of thyroxine |
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