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प्रश्न
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. Explain this algebraic equation on the basis of Hardy Weinberg's principle.
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उत्तर
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is a mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the genetic variation of a population at equilibrium.
The Hardy-Weinberg equation is expressed as:
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
where p is the frequency of the "A" allele and q is the frequency of the "a" allele in the population. In the equation, p2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, q2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa. In addition, the sum of the allele frequencies for all the alleles at the locus must be 1, so (p + q)2 = 1. If the p and q allele frequencies are known, then the frequencies of the three genotypes may be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg equation. In population genetics studies, the Hardy-Weinberg equation can be used to measure whether the observed genotype frequencies in a population differ from the frequencies predicted by the equation. If there is any difference in the frequencies, it indicates the extent of evolutionary change.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
What does the following equation represent? Explain:
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.
Give the graphical representation of Hardy· Weinberg's principle in the form of Punnet Square.
Explain how mutations, natural selection and genetic drift affect Hardy Weinberg equilibrium.
Disturbance of Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium results in
Gene flow occurs through generations. and can occur across language barriers in humans. If we have a technique of measuring specific allele frequencies in different population of the world, can we not predict human migratory patterns in pre-history and history? Do you agree or disagree? Provide explanation to your answer.
List any two factors that can disturb the genetic equilibrium.
The graphs below show three types of natural selection. The shaded areas marked with arrows show the individuals in the population who are not selected. The dotted vertical lines show the statistical means.
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| character Graph A |
character Graph B |
character Graph C |
- What names are given to the types of selection shown in graphs A, B and C?
- After the selection has operated for several generations in the above populations indicated as, Graph A, B and C, graphically illustrate the probable results.
A population of 200 fruit flies is in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. The frequency of the allele (a) 0.4. Calculate the following:
Frequency of the allele (A).
The black colour on the beak of finches dominates over the yellow colour. There are 210 individuals with the genotype DD, 245 individuals with the genotype Dd and 45 individuals with the genotype dd. Deduce the frequency of individuals with dominant, heterozygous, and recessive traits.
Which one of the following factors will not affect the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
