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प्रश्न
Organic farmers prefer biological control of diseases and pests to the use of chemicals for the same purpose. Justify.
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उत्तर
Biocontrol means using biological methods to manage plant diseases and pests. Pathogens, pests, and weeds are the main threats to agriculture. Traditionally, they are controlled with insecticides and pesticides, but these chemicals are highly toxic and harmful to humans and animals, and they pollute the environment. Therefore, modern agriculture increasingly relies on biological methods to manage them. Different microbes are used as biocides to control microbial pathogens (such as viruses, mycoplasma, bacteria, and fungi), insect pests, nematodes, and weeds.
Examples of biocontrol agents include:
- Bacteria: Bacillus thuringiensis
- Fungi: Trichoderma
- Insects: Ladybird beetles and dragonflies
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संबंधित प्रश्न
How did the process of RNA interference help to control the nematode from infecting the roots of tobacco plants?
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Bt cotton is resistant to:
(A) Insects
(B) Herbicides
(C) Salt
(D) Drought
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- Reduce usage of chemical pesticides
- Enhance nutritional value of food crops
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RNA interference (RNAi) holds great potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of human diseases and as biocontrol agents in controlling pests in the field agriculture. An experiment was carried to study the use of 'RNAi' for the potential treatment of disorders of cholesterol metabolism. Some people possess genetic mutations with elevated levels of ApoB gene which predisposes them to coronary artery diseases. Lowering the amount ApoB can reduce the number of lipoproteins and lower the blood cholesterol. Tracy Zimmerman and her colleagues used RNAi in 2006 to reduce the level of ApoB in non human primates Cynomolgus monkeys. One group of monkeys were given RNAi treatment (small interfering RNAs, SiRNAs) (doses 1 mg/kg, SiRNAs), second group of monkeys were given RNAi treatment (doses 2.5 mg/kg, SiRNAs) and third group of monkeys were injected with saline. |
The results of the study are depicted in the graph below:
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- Write any two natural sources from where dsRNA molecule could be obtained for silencing the specific mRNA.
- How is RNAi used in controlling the infection on the roots of tobacco plants by the nematode Meloidogyne incognitia?
With the help of a suitable example, explain how cry-proteins acts as a biological pesticide.
