Question

Make a list of all the materials we have encountered so far in the carving or construction of structures; make a list of pros and cons for each of them. Did you notice that none of the structures discussed so far use any cement mortar?

Answer 1

• Brick: Easy to obtain, especially in alluvial regions, and its uniform size makes construction convenient. However, it is less durable than stone and needs protection from moisture.
• Stone (sandstone, granite, limestone, marble): Strong and long-lasting, with the advantage of allowing detailed carvings and attractive designs. However, it is heavy, difficult to transport, and requires skilled craftsmen.
• Wood: Easy to shape and gives buildings a natural, warm appearance. Its disadvantages are that it can rot, burn, or be damaged by termites.
• Terracotta: Easily available locally and useful for decorative work, but it is delicate and can break easily.

Many structures were built by carefully stacking or interlocking materials without using cement mortar. This demonstrates the advanced engineering techniques, accuracy, and craftsmanship of the builders.