Question

India’s breadbasket Punjab has been facing serious challenge of waterlogging due to its extensive canal irrigation system particularly in the southwestern district. This has resulted in a decline of agricultural production and land value.

1. How do you think Punjab can balance its agricultural prosperity in spite of this pressing problem which threatens the fertility of land and sustainability of water resources?  (3)
2. Why is Punjab known as the ‘breadbasket of India’?  (4)

Answer 1

1. 1. Improved drainage: The state must invest in constructing new drainage channels and maintaining existing ones to prevent the accumulation of excess water, especially in low-lying areas.
   2. Water efficient irrigation: Punjab should shift from canal and flood irrigation to modern methods like drip and sprinkler systems, which reduce water wastage and improve crop yield.
   3. Crop diversification: Farmers should be encouraged to shift from water-intensive crops like paddy to less water-dependent and region-suitable crops such as pulses, oilseeds, and vegetables.
2. 1. The state has extremely fertile alluvial soil, ideal for growing wheat and other cereals.
   2. Favourable climatic conditions, with temperatures between 10°C and 15°C during the rabi season, and rainfall between 50-100 cm, support multiple cropping.
   3. Punjab has an extensive and well-developed irrigation system, including canals and tube wells, ensuring reliable water supply.
   4. The state records the highest agricultural productivity for wheat and other cereal crops, making it a major contributor to India’s food grain reserves, especially during the Green Revolution.