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प्रश्न
How would you set up a circuit to obtain NOT gate using a transistor?
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उत्तर
(1) It has only one input and only one output.
(2) Boolean expression is Y = Ᾱ and is read as “y equals not A”.
Logical symbol of NOT gate.
(3) Realization of NOT gate: The transistor is so biased that the collector voltage VCC = V (Voltage corresponding to 1 state)
The resistors R and RB are so chosen that if the input is low, i.e. 0, the transistor is in the cut-off and hence the voltage appearing at the output will be the same as applied V = 5 V. Hence Y = V (or state I)
If the input is high, the transistor current is in saturation and the net voltage at the output Y is 0 (in state 0).
(4) Truth table for NOT gate:
| A | Y = Ā |
| 0 | 1 |
| 1 | 0 |
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Useful Constants and Relations:
| 1. | Charge of a proton | (e) | =1.6 × 10-19C |
| 2. | Planck's constant | (h) | = 6·6 × 10-34 Js |
| 3. | Mass of an electron | (m) | = 9·1× 10-31 kg |
| 4. | Permittivity of vacuum | (∈0) | =8 · 85 × 10-12 Fm-1 |
| 5. | `(1/(4pi∈_0))` | =9 ×109 mF-1 | |
| 6. | Permeability of vacuum | (μ0) | = 4π × 10-7 Hm-1 |
| 7. | `((mu_0)/(4pi))` | =1 × 10-7 Hm-1 | |
| 8. | Speed of light in vacuum | (c) | = 3× 108 ms-1 |
| 9. | Unified atomic mass unit | (u) |
= 931 MeV |
| 10. | Electron volt | (leV) | = 1.6 × 10-19 J |
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