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प्रश्न
F-Be-F is a liner molecule but H-O-H is angular. Explain.
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उत्तर
- In the BeF2 molecule, the central beryllium atom undergoes sp hybridization giving rise to two sp hybridized orbitals placed diagonally opposite with an angle of 180°. Thus, F-Be-F is a linear molecule.
- In the H2O molecule, the central oxygen atom undergoes sp3 hybridization giving rise to four sp3 hybridized orbitals directed towards four corners of a tetrahedron. There are two lone pairs of electrons in two of the sp3 hybrid orbitals of oxygen. The lone pair-lone pair repulsion distorts the structure. Hence, H-O-H is angular or V-shaped.
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| Examples | C2H6 Ethane | C2H4 Ethene | C2H2 Ethyne |
| Structure |
\[\begin{array}{cc} \backslash \phantom{......}/\phantom{.}\\ \ce{—C – C —}\\ /\phantom{......}\backslash\phantom{.}\end{array}\] |
\[\begin{array}{cc} \backslash \phantom{......}/\\ \ce{C \text{=} C}\\ /\phantom{......}\backslash\end{array}\] |
\[\ce{- C ≡ C -}\] |
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