Question

Explain the factors which affect the balanced diet.

Answer 1

1. Age: Growing children need more proteins, calcium and energy, while elderly people need fewer calories but adequate vitamins and minerals.
2. Gender: Men usually have higher energy needs; women need extra iron, calcium and folic acid during menstruation, pregnancy and lactation.
3. Physical activity and occupation: Active people and athletes need more energy than sedentary workers.
4. Body size and composition: Taller, heavier or more muscular individuals require more calories.
5. Climate and season: Cold climates increase calorie needs; hot climates increase water and electrolyte needs.
6. Health status: Fever, infection, surgery and chronic illness raise nutritional requirements.
7. Pregnancy and lactation: Extra protein, folic acid, iron, calcium and energy are required.
8. Economic, cultural and religious factors: Food availability, affordability and food habits affect the choice of foods.
9. Food combinations and cooking methods: Combining cereals with pulses improves protein quality; proper cooking improves nutrient availability.