Question

Explain any two methods of soil conservation briefly.

Answer 1

1. Contour Tilling — In this method the farmer tills or ploughs
   the fields along the contours of the land rather than tilling up and down the slope. Contour tilling is practised in hilly areas rather than the plains. It prevents the soil from being washed away by water or by surface run-off as the contour acts like a bund. The contour also facilitates the percolation of water into the soil.
2. Terrace Farming — Terrace farming involves making terraces or steps on a hill or mountain by cutting into the side of the hill or mountain. Since the land is made flat, it reduces surface run-off, thereby preventing erosion. It also facilitates the absorption of water into the soil. Terrace cultivation is common on mountain slopes all over the world.
3. Contour Bunding — Soil is conserved by making bunds or walls or embankments made of mud along contour lines to prevent water from draining out of the cultivated field, thereby preventing erosion.