Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion giving an example of each.
Give two differences between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
Advertisements
उत्तर
| Nuclear Fission | Nuclear Fusion |
| Nuclear fission is the process by which an atom’s nucleus breaks into two lighter nuclei during a nuclear reaction. | In the process of nuclear fusion, two or more light nuclei collide to create a heavier nucleus. |
| An enormous quantity of energy is produced when each atom divides. | Compared to nuclear fission, nuclear fusion produces energy that is several times more powerful. |
| Natural fission reactions do not take place in nature. | Stars and the Sun undergo fusion processes. |
| In a fission reaction, less energy is required to divide an atom. | In a fusion reaction, high energy is required to fuse two or more atoms together. |
| The nuclear fission principle underpins the operation of an atomic bomb. | The hydrogen bomb operates on the nuclear fusion principle. |
| This reaction is possible at ordinary temperature and ordinary pressure. | This reaction is possible only at a very high temperature (≈ 107 K) and a very high pressure. |
Notes
Students should refer to the answer according to their questions.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Suppose, we think of fission of a `""_26^56"Fe"` nucleus into two equal fragments `""_13^28"Al"`. Is the fission energetically possible? Argue by working out Q of the process. Given `"m"(""_26^56 "Fe") = 55.93494 "u"` and `"m"(""_13^28 "Al") = 27.98191 "u"`.
The fission properties of `""_94^239"Pu"` are very similar to those of `""_92^235 "U"`. The average energy released per fission is 180 MeV. How much energy, in MeV, is released if all the atoms in 1 kg of pure `""_94^239 "Pu"` undergo fission?
Calculate and compare the energy released by a) fusion of 1.0 kg of hydrogen deep within Sun and b) the fission of 1.0 kg of 235U in a fission reactor.
Suppose India had a target of producing by 2020 AD, 200,000 MW of electric power, ten percent of which was to be obtained from nuclear power plants. Suppose we are given that, on an average, the efficiency of utilization (i.e. conversion to electric energy) of thermal energy produced in a reactor was 25%. How much amount of fissionable uranium would our country need per year by 2020? Take the heat energy per fission of 235U to be about 200MeV.
In a typical fission reaction, the nucleus is split into two middle-weight nuclei of unequal masses. Which of the two (heavier or lighter) has greater kinetic energy? Which one has greater liner momentum?
If three helium nuclei combine to form a carbon nucleus, energy is liberated. Why can't helium nuclei combine on their own and minimise the energy?
As compared to 12C atom, 14C atom has
The heavier nuclei tend to have larger N/Z ratio because
(a) a neutron is heavier than a proton
(b) a neutron is an unstable particle
(c) a neutron does not exert electric repulsion
(d) Coulomb forces have longer range compared to the nuclear forces.
As the mass number A increases, which of the following quantities related to a nucleus do not change?
A free neutron decays to a proton but a free proton does not decay to a neutron. This is because
Calculate the energy released by 1g of natural uranium assuming 200 MeV is released in each fission event and that the fissionable isotope 235U has an abundance of 0.7% by weight in natural uranium.
A uranium reactor develops thermal energy at a rate of 300 MW. Calculate the amount of 235U being consumed every second. Average released per fission is 200 MeV.
Calculate the Q-value of the fusion reaction 4He + 4He = 8Be. Is such a fusion energetically favourable? Atomic mass of 8Be is 8.0053 u and that of 4He is 4.0026 u.
(Use Mass of proton mp = 1.007276 u, Mass of `""_1^1"H"` atom = 1.007825 u, Mass of neutron mn = 1.008665 u, Mass of electron = 0.0005486 u ≈ 511 keV/c2,1 u = 931 MeV/c2.)
Which particle is most likely to be captured by a 235u nucleus and cause it to undergo fission?
Assuming that about 200 MeV of energy is released per fission of 92U235 nuclei, then the mass of U235 consumed per day in a fission reactor of power 1 megawatt will be approximately ______.
Power generated by a nuclear reactor is given by P = n E / t. Here n represents:
