Question

Distinguish between 'Memorandum of Association' and 'Articles of Association.'

Answer 1

Basis of difference	Memorandum of Association (MoA)	Articles of Association (AoA)
Objective	The MoA defines the character of a company and the scope of its activities.	The AoA defines the rules and regulations of the company.
Position	It is the main document of a company which is subordinate to the Companies Act.	It is the subsidiary document of a company which is subordinate to both MoA and the Companies Act.
Relationship	The MoA establishes the relation between the company and outsiders.	The AoA defines the relation of the company with its members.
Alteration	Altering the MoA requires the approval of statutory authority.	The AOA can be easily altered by passing a resolution.
Ratification	Acts beyond MoA cannot be ratified.	Acts beyond the AoA can be ratified by the members if they do not violate the MoA.
Necessity	It is a necessary document.	It is a secondary document.