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प्रश्न
Differentiate between nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Give one example for each with nuclear reaction.
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उत्तर
| Basis | Nuclear Fission | Nuclear Fusion |
| Definition | Splitting of a heavy nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei. | A combination of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus. |
| Nuclei involved | Heavy nuclei like uranium or plutonium are involved. | Light nuclei like hydrogen isotopes are involved. |
| Energy release | A large amount of energy is released. | An even greater amount of energy is released than in fission. |
| Conditions required | It occurs at comparatively lower temperatures and can be initiated by neutrons. | It requires extremely high temperature and pressure. |
| Chain reaction | Nuclear fission can produce a chain reaction, which is used in nuclear reactors. | Nuclear fusion does not occur as a self-sustaining chain reaction in the same way. |
| By-products | Produces radioactive waste. | Produces very little radioactive waste. |
Example of Nuclear Fission:
\[\ce{^235_92U + ^1_0n -> ^141_56Ba + ^92_36Kr + 3^1_0n + Enegry}\]
Example of Nuclear Fusion:
\[\ce{^2_1H + ^3_1H -> ^4_2He + ^1_0n + Energy}\]
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