Question

Different democracies use different electoral systems. Make groups of 5–6 students. Each group will select six countries from different continents. Prepare and present a case study on the type of electoral system(s) operating in those countries, and discuss their latest election results of those countries.

Answer 1

1. India 🇮🇳 – Asia
   1. Electoral system: First-Past-the-Post (FPTP).
   2. Election: Lok Sabha Election 2024.
   3. Result: BJP won 240 seats, while Congress won 99 seats.
   4. The candidate with the highest number of votes in a constituency wins.
2. Germany 🇩🇪 – Europe
   1. Electoral system: Mixed electoral system with constituency and proportional representation.
   2. Election: Bundestag Election 2025.
   3. Result: CDU/CSU emerged as the largest group, followed by AfD and SPD.
   4. The system combines direct constituency representation with proportional representation.
3. Canada 🇨🇦 – North America
   1. Electoral system: First-Past-the-Post.
   2. Election: Federal Election 2025.
   3. Result: Liberal Party won 169 seats, while the Conservative Party won 144 seats.
   4. The candidate with the most votes in each constituency is elected.
4. Ghana 🇬🇭 – Africa
   1. Electoral system: FPTP for Parliament and a two-round system for the President.
   2. Election: General Election 2024.
   3. Result: John Mahama won the presidential election, and the NDC won the parliamentary election.
   4. The presidential system requires a candidate to obtain more than half of the votes.
5. Brazil 🇧🇷 – South America
   1. Electoral system: Majority system for the President and proportional representation for the Chamber of Deputies.
   2. Election: Presidential and legislative elections 2022.
   3. Result: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva won the presidential election.
   4. Different electoral methods are used for different levels of representation.
6. Australia 🇦🇺 – Oceania
   1. Electoral system: Preferential voting for the House of Representatives and preferential proportional voting for the Senate.
   2. Election: Federal Election 2025.
   3. Result: Labor won 94 of 150 House seats.
   4. Voters rank candidates in order of preference.