Question

Collect the following information from your vicinity for about 10–15 households:

1. Name of the person interviewed ______.
2. Age ______ Years ______
3. Academic Qualification ______
4. Number of persons earning in the family ______
5. Total no. of members M ______ F ______
6. Members of family in the age groups
   1. Up to 14 years ______
   2. 15 years to 60 years ______
   3. More than 60 years ______
7. Based on the data collected above, compute and analyse:
   1. Sex-ratio ______
   2. Dependency ratio ______
8. Children below 14 years ______ and its percentage ______
9. Adult more than 60 years ______ and its percentage ______
10. Make a table containing data you have collected.
11. Compare data in your table with that of your classmates. Check:
    1. Population of the area
    2. Density of population
12. The Economic Times has published data as follows:

2016: 31 mega cities			2030: 41 mega cities
1	Tokyo	38.1	1	Tokyo	37.2
2	Delhi	26.5	2	Delhi	36.1
3	Shanghai	24.5	3	Shanghai	30.8
4	Mumbai	21.4	4	Mumbai	27.8
5	São Paulo	21.3	5	Beijing	27.7
6	Beijing	21.2	6	Dhaka	27.4
7	Mexico City	21.2	7	Karachi	24.8
8	Osaka	20.3	8	Cairo	24.5
9	Cairo	19.1	9	Lagos	24.2
10	New York-Newark	18.6	10	Mexico City	23.9
14	Kolkata	15.0	15	Kolkata	19.1
28	Bengaluru	10.5	21	Bengaluru	14.8
30	Chennai	10.2	24	Chennai	13.9
Source: The World's Cities in 2016, UN DESA; figures in millions, Mega cities: Urban agglomerations of over 10 million population			28	Hyderabad	12.8
			38	Ahmedabad	10.5

What do you understand from the data?

Answer 1

• Total Households Surveyed: 10
• Total Population (Total Members): 45 members
• Total Males (M): 24
• Total Females (F): 21
• Age Group Distribution:
  • Up to 14 years (Children): 9
  • 15 to 60 years (Working Age): 30
  • More than 60 years (Senior Citizens): 6

Sex-ratio:

\[\text{Sex-ratio} = \left(\frac{\text{Total Number of Females}}{\text{Total Number of Males}}\right) \times 1000\]

\[\text{Sex-ratio} = \left(\frac{21}{24}\right) \times 1000 = 875\]

Dependency ratio:

\[\text{Dependency Ratio} = \left(\frac{\text{Population (0-14 Years)} + \text{Population (Above 60 Years)}}{\text{Working Population (15-60 Years)}}\right) \times 100\]

\[\text{Dependency Ratio} = \left(\frac{9 + 6}{30}\right) \times 100 = \left(\frac{15}{30}\right) \times 100 = 50\%\]

Children Below 14 Years:

Total Count: 9 children

\[\text{Percentage} = \left(\frac{\text{Children up to 14 years}}{\text{Total Population}}\right) \times 100\]

\[\text{Percentage} = \left(\frac{9}{45}\right) \times 100 = 20\%\]

Adults More Than 60 Years:

Total Count: 6 senior citizens

\[\text{Percentage} = \left(\frac{\text{Adults more than 60 years}}{\text{Total Population}}\right) \times 100\]

\[\text{Percentage} = \left(\frac{6}{45}\right) \times 100 = 13.33\%\]

Survey Data Table:

Household No.	Head of Family	Total Members	Males (M)	Females (F)	Earning Members	Age ≤ 14	Age 15–60	Age > 60
1	R. Sharma	4	2	2	2	1	2	1
2	A. Khan	5	3	2	1	2	3	0
3	S. Patel	3	1	2	2	0	2	1
4	J. Singh	6	3	3	2	2	3	1
5	M. Das	4	2	2	1	1	2	1
6	V. Joshi	4	2	2	2	0	4	0
7	K. Nair	5	3	2	2	1	3	1
8	R. Verma	3	2	1	1	0	2	1
9	P. Mishra	6	3	3	2	2	4	0
10	S. Gupta	5	3	2	2	0	5	0
Total	-	45	24	21	17	9	30	6

Comparison Guidelines:

1. Population of the area: The total count varies depending on average family sizes in different blocks. Areas with joint families show a higher total population compared to nuclear family setups.
2. Density of population: Calculated by dividing the total population of households by the total floor/colony area. High-rise apartment buildings show a much higher population density than independent housing colonies.

Data Analysis (Mega Cities 2016 vs 2030)

• Rapid Global Urbanisation: The total number of urban agglomerations holding over 10 million residents expands heavily worldwide, rising from 31 mega cities in 2016 to a projected 41 mega cities by 2030.
• Massive Growth in Indian Metropolitan Cities: India experiences the most rapid pace of urban accumulation. The total number of listed Indian mega cities climbs from 5 in 2016 (Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Bengaluru, Chennai) to 7 in 2030 with the addition of Hyderabad and Ahmedabad. Delhi shows the most dramatic expansion, leaping from 26.5 million to 36.1 million.
• Demographic Stagnation in Developed Nations: Established urban hubs show signs of population stabilization or decline. For instance, Tokyo is projected to contract from 38.1 million down to 37.2 million, showing a shift in population momentum away from developed countries toward developing economies.