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प्रश्न
Asha's mother read an article in the newspaper about a disaster that took place at Chernobyl. She could not understand much from the articles and asked a few questions from Asha regarding the article. Asha tried to answer her mother's questions based on what she learnt in Class XII Physics.
(a) What was the installation at Chernobyl where the disaster took place? What according to you, was the cause of this disaster?
(b) Explain the process of release of energy in the installation at Chernobyl.
(c) What according to you, were the values displayed by Asha and her mother?
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उत्तर
(a) Nuclear power plant was installed at Chernobyl where the disaster took place. The Chernobyl accident was the result of a flawed reactor design that was operated with inadequately trained personnel.
(b) The process of release of energy in the installation at Chernobyl was nuclear fission.
Nuclear fission is the splitting of heavy nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei. In a typical nuclear reaction involving 235U and a neutron:
`""_92^235 U + n = ""_56^141Ba +""_36^92Kr + 3n + Q`
For a fission reaction, two conditions need to be satisfied:
(i) Critical mass of the substance (the minimum amount of mass is required for fission to be self-sustaining).
(ii) A relatively slow neutron is required to initiate the process.
(c) Qualities showed by Asha is:
- Knowledgeable
Qualities showed by Asha's mother is :
- Curious
संबंधित प्रश्न
In a typical nuclear reaction, e.g.
`"_1^2H+"_1^2H ->"_2^3He + n + 3.27 \text { MeV },`
although number of nucleons is conserved, yet energy is released. How? Explain.
Write the relationship between the size of a nucleus and its mass number (A)?
Using the curve for the binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass number A, state clearly how the release in energy in the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion can be explained.
A heavy nucleus X of mass number 240 and binding energy per nucleon 7.6 MeV is split into two fragments Y and Z of mass numbers 110 and 130. The binding energy of nucleons in Y and Z is 8.5 MeV per nucleon. Calculate the energy Q released per fission in MeV.
Suppose we have 12 protons and 12 neutrons. We can assemble them to form either a 24Mg nucleus or two 12C nuclei. In which of the two cases more energy will be liberated?
As the mass number A increases, the binding energy per nucleon in a nucleus
A neutron star has a density equal to that of the nuclear matter. Assuming the star to be spherical, find the radius of a neutron star whose mass is 4.0 × 1030 kg (twice the mass of the sun).
(a) Calculate the energy released if 238U emits an α-particle. (b) Calculate the energy to be supplied to 238U it two protons and two neutrons are to be emitted one by one. The atomic masses of 238U, 234Th and 4He are 238.0508 u, 234.04363 u and 4.00260 u respectively.
(Use Mass of proton mp = 1.007276 u, Mass of `""_1^1"H"` atom = 1.007825 u, Mass of neutron mn = 1.008665 u, Mass of electron = 0.0005486 u ≈ 511 keV/c2,1 u = 931 MeV/c2.)
The force 'F' acting on a particle of mass 'm' is indicated by the force-time graph shown below. The change in momentum of the particle over the time interval from zero to 8s is:
A nucleus of mass M emits a γ-ray photon of frequency 'v'. The loss of internal energy by the nucleus is ______.
