- Population Growth – Change in population over time (increase or decrease).
- Natural Growth – Births – Deaths.
- Actual Growth – Births – Deaths + Migration.
- CBR & CDR – Births and deaths per 1000 people per year.
- Migration Factors – Push (poverty, unemployment) and Pull (jobs, better life).
Topics
Human Geography - Nature and Scope
- Introduction to Human Geography Nature and Scopes
- Nature of Human Geography
- Scopes of Human Geography
- Overview of Human Geography - Nature and Scope
Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
- Distribution of Population in India
- Density of Population
- Regional Variation in Population Growth
- Population Composition
- Promoting Gender Sensitivity
- Overview of Population : Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition
Fundamentals of Human Geography
Data – Its Source and Compilation
- What is Data?
- Need of Data
- Presentation of Data
- Sources of Data
- Sources of Data - Primary
- Sources of Data - Secondary
- Tabulation and Classification of Data
- Data Compilation and Presentation
- Processing of Data
- Grouping of Data
- Process of Classification
- Overview of Data – Its Source and Compilation
Human Settlements
- Human Settlements
- Concept of Rural Settlements
- Types of Rural Settlements
- Concept of Urban Settlements
- Urbanisation in India
- Overview of Human Settlements
India - People and Economy
The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
- The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
- Patterns of Population Distribution in the World
- Density of Population
- Factors Influencing the Distribution of the Population
- Doubling Time of World Population
- Spatial Pattern of Population Change
- Impact of Population Change
- Theories of Population Growth
- Population Control Measures
- Overview of The World Population - Distribution, Density and Growth
Data Processing
- Mode
- Comparison of Mean, Median and Mode
- Methods of Measuring Dispersion
- Rank Correlation
- Direction of Correlation
- Method of Calculating Correlation
- Degree of Correlation
- Overview of Data Processing
Graphical Representation of Data
- General Rules for Drawing Graphs, Diagram and Maps
- Construction of Diagrams
- Classification of Thematic Maps Based on Method of Construction
- Overview of Graphical Representation of Data
Human Development
- Concept of Human Development
- Growth and Development
- Four Pillars of Human Development
- Approaches of Human Development
- Measuring Human Development
- International Comparisons
- Overview of Human Development
Geography Practical II
Land Resources and Agriculture
- Land Resources and Agriculture
- Land Uses Categories
- Land Use Changes in India
- Common Property Resources
- Agriculture Land Use in India
- Agricultural Development in India
- Problems of Indian Agriculture
- Overview of Land Resources and Agriculture
Spatial Information Technology
- Spatial Information Technology
- Geographical Information System (GIS)
- Advantage of GIS Over Manual Methods
- Components of GIS
- Spatial Data Formats
- Sequences of GIS Activities
- Overview of Spatial Information Technology
Water Resources
- Concept of Water Resources
- Water Resources of India
- Deterioration of Water Quality
- Water Conservation Practices > Watershed Management
- Overview of Water Resources
Primary Activities
- Introduction to Primary Activities
- Hunting and Gathering
- Pastoralism
- Agriculture
- Mining
- Overview of Primary Activities
Mineral and Energy Resources
- Mineral and Energy Resources
- Types of Minerals in India
- Distribution of Minerals in India
- Conservation of Minerals
- Overview of Mineral and Energy Resources
Secondary Activities
- Introduction to Secondary Activities
- Manufacturing
- Household Industries Or Cottage Manufacturing
- Industries Based on Ownership
- Overview of Secondary Activities
Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
- Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
- Types of Tertiary Activities
- People Engaged in Tertiary Activities
- Some Selected Examples
- Quaternary Activities
- Quinary Activities
- The Digital Divide
- Overview of Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Transport and Communication
- Communication
- Land Transport
- Oil and Gases Pipelines
- Communication Networks
- Overview of Transport and Communication
Transport and Communication
- Communication
- Transport
- Mode of Transport
- Water Transport
- Air Transport
- Pipelines
- Overview of Transport and Communication
International Trade
- Concept of Trade
- Changing Pattern of the Composition of India's Exports
- Changing Patterns of the Composition of India's Import
- Sea Ports as Gateways of International Trade
- Air Routes of International Trade
- Overview of International Trade
International Trade
- Concept of Trade
- History of International Trade
- Gateway of International Trade
- Overview of International Trade
Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
- Urban Waste Disposal
- Rural-urban Migration
- Problems of Slums
- Land Degradation
- Overview of Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
Estimated time: 13 minutes
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: The World Population
- Uneven Distribution – The world population is unevenly distributed; about 90% of people live on only 10% of the land area.
- Highly Populated Countries – The 10 most populous countries account for about 60% of the world’s population, and 6 of them are in Asia.
- Population Distribution – It refers to the way people are spread over the Earth’s surface.
- Population Density – It is the number of people living per square kilometre of land.
CBSE: Class 12
Formula: Density
\[DensityofPopulation=\frac{Population}{Area}\]
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Factors Influencing The Distribution of Population
- Geographical Factors – Availability of water, fertile soils, flat landforms and favourable climate attract population, while mountains and extreme climates have low population.
- Water Availability – River valleys are densely populated because water is essential for drinking, agriculture, industries and transport.
- Economic Factors – Areas rich in minerals and industries attract workers due to employment opportunities, leading to high population density.
- Urbanisation – Cities provide better jobs, education, medical facilities and transport, so they attract migrants and grow rapidly.
- Social and Cultural Factors – Religious importance, political stability and government policies also influence where people settle or migrate.
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Population Growth
CBSE: Class 12
Key Points: Demographic Transition
- Demographic Transition Theory – Population changes from high birth & death rates to low birth & death rates as a country develops from rural–agricultural to urban–industrial.
- Stage 1 – High birth rate + high death rate = slow population growth (low literacy, poor health, agrarian economy).
- Stage 2 – High birth rate + declining death rate = rapid population growth (better health and sanitation).
- Stage 3 – Low birth rate + low death rate = stable or slow growth (urban, educated, small families).
- Population Control – Family planning, awareness, contraceptives and small family norms help control population; Malthus warned that unchecked population growth can cause famine and crisis.
