NCERT solutions for पोलिटिकल सायन्स पॉलिटिक्स इन इंडिया इंडिपेंडेंस [इंग्रजी] इयत्ता १२ chapter 4 - IndIa’s external relatIons [Latest edition]

The Constitutional principles

Article 51 of the Indian Constitution lays down some Directive Principles of State Policy on ‘Promotion of international peace and security’.

“The State shall endeavour to -

1. Promote international peace and security
2. Maintain just and honourable relations between nations
3. Foster respect for international law and treaty obligations in the dealings of organised people with one another; and
4. Encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.”

How well did the Indian state live up to these principles in the first two decades after Independence?

It’s the fourth chapter and it’s Nehru once again! Was he a superman, or has his role been glorified?

Did we have more recognition and power in the world when we were younger, poorer and more vulnerable than now? Isn’t that strange?

This sounds like joining the Soviet bloc. Can we say that India was non-aligned even after signing the treaty with the Soviet Union?

I am confused! Isn’t it all about atom bombs? Why don’t we say so?

Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against the statement.

Non-alignment allowed India to gain assistance both from USA and USSR.

Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against the statement.

India’s relationship with her neighbours has been strained from the beginning.

Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against the statement.

The cold war has affected the relationship between India and Pakistan.

Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against the statement.

The treaty of Peace and Friendship in 1971 was the result of India’s closeness to USA.

Match the following:

Why did Nehru regard conduct of foreign relations as an essential indicator of independence? State any two reasons with examples to support your reading.

“The conduct of foreign affairs is an outcome of a two-way interaction between domestic compulsions and prevailing international climate”. Take one example from India’s external relations in the 1960s to substantiate your answer.

Identify any two aspects of India’s foreign policy that you would like to retain and two that you would like to change, if you were to become a decision maker. Give reasons to support your position.

Write short note on the following:

India’s nuclear policy

Write short note on the following:

Consensus in foreign policy matters

India’s foreign policy was built around the principles of peace and cooperation. But India fought three wars in a space of ten years between 1962 and 1971. Would you say that this was a failure of the foreign policy? Or would you say that this was a result of international situation? Give reasons to support your answer.

Does India’s foreign policy reflect her desire to be an important regional power? Argue your case with the Bangladesh war of 1971 as an example.

How does political leadership of a nation affect its foreign policy? Explain this with the help of examples from India’s foreign policy.

Read this Passage and answer the questions below :

“Broadly, non-alignment means not tying yourself off with military blocs... It means trying to view things, as far as possible, not from the military point of view, though that has to come in sometimes, but independently, and trying to maintain friendly relations with all countries”. - Jawaharlal Nehru

1. Why does Nehru want to keep off military blocs?
2. Do you think that the Indo-Soviet friendship treaty violated the principle of non-alignment? Give reasons for your answer,
3. If there were no military blocs, do you think non-alignment would have been unnecessary?