मराठी
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary EducationHSC Science Class 11
पाठ्यपुस्तक उत्तरे९७२७
संकल्पना स्पष्टीकरण१९७
अभ्यासक्रम

Biology (Botany and Zoology) HSC Science Class 11 Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Syllabus 2025-26

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Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Biology (Botany and Zoology) Syllabus - Free PDF Download

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Syllabus 2025-26 Class 11: The Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Biology (Botany and Zoology) Syllabus for the examination year 2025-26 has been released by the Tamil Nadu Board, Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2025-26 Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Biology (Botany and Zoology) Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.

The detailed Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Biology (Botany and Zoology) Syllabus for 2025-26 is below.

Academic year:

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Biology (Botany and Zoology) Revised Syllabus

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Biology (Botany and Zoology) Course Structure 2025-26 With Marking Scheme

#Unit/TopicWeightage
1  Biology Botany 
1.01  Living World 
1.02  Plant Kingdom 
1.03  Vegetative Morphology 
1.04  Reproductive Morphology 
1.05  Taxonomy and Systematic Botany 
1.06  Cell: the Unit of Life 
1.07  Cell Cycle 
1.08  Biomolecules 
1.09  Tissue and Tissue System 
1.1  Secondary Growth 
1.11  Transport in Plants 
1.12  Mineral Nutrition 
1.13  Photosynthesis 
1.14  Respiration 
1.15  Plant Growth and Development 
2  Biology Zoology 
2.01  The Living World 
2.02  Kingdom Animalia 
2.03  Tissue Level of Organisation 
2.04  Organ and Organ Systems in Animals 
2.05  Digestion and Absorption 
2.06  Respiration 
2.07  Body Fluids and Circulation 
2.08  Excretion 
2.09  Locomotion and Movement 
2.1  Neural Control and Coordination 
2.11  Chemical Coordination and Integration 
2.12  Trends in Economic Zoology 
 Total -
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Syllabus

1: Biology Botany [Revision]

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Biology (Botany and Zoology) Syllabus
1.01 Living World [Revision]
  • Attributes of Living Organisms  
    • Growth
    • Cellular structure
    • Reproduction
    • Response to stimuli
    • Homeostasis
    • Metabolism
  • Viruses  
  • Classification of Living World  
    • Need of Classification
  • Bacteria  
  • Fungi  
1.02 Plant Kingdom [Revision]
1.03 Vegetative Morphology [Revision]
  • Habit  
    • Herbs
    • Shrubs
    • Climbers (Vine)
    • Trees
  • Plant Habitat  
    • Terrestrial
    • Aquatic
  • Life Span  
    • Annuals
    • Biennials
    • Perennials
  • The Root  
  • The Stem  
  • The Leaf  
1.04 Reproductive Morphology [Revision]
  • The Inflorescence  
  • Flower  
    • Accessory Organs  
      • Accessory organs
      1. Arrangement of whorls
      2. Calyx
      3. Corolla
      4. Perianth
      5. Aestivation
  • Androecium  
    • Fusion of stamens
    • Arrangement of stamens relate to length of stamens
    • Anther types
    • Anther attachment
  • Gynoecium  
    • Number of carpel
    • Fusion of carpels
    • Number of locules
    • Extension of the condensed internode of the receptacle
    • Ovary position
    • Perianth / Androecial position on thalamus
  • Construction of Floral Diagram and Floral Formula  
  • Fruits  
1.05 Taxonomy and Systematic Botany [Revision]
  • Taxonomy and Systematics  
    • Taxonomy
    • Systematics
    • Classification of Taxonomy
    1. Plant Taxonomy
    2. Animal Taxonomy
  • Taxonomic Hierarchy  
    • Taxon
  • Concept of Species-morphological, Biological and Phylogenetic  
    • Types of Species
    1. Morphological Species (Taxonomic species)
    2. Biological Species (Isolation Species)
    3. Phylogenetic Species
  • International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)  
    • ICN Principles 
    • Codes of Nomenclature
    • Vernacular names (Common names)
    • Scientific Names / Botanical Names
  • Taxonomical Aids  
  • Herbarium – Preparation and Uses  
    • Preparation of herbarium Specimen
    • Uses of Herbarium
  • Classification of Plants  
  • Need for Classification  
  • Modern Trends in Taxonomy  
    • Chemotaxonomy 
    • Biosystematics
    • Karyotaxonomy
    • Serotaxonomy (Immunotaxonomy)
    • Molecular taxonomy (molecular systematics / molecular phylogenetics)
    • DNA Barcoding
    • Differences between classical and modern taxonomy
  • Cladistics  
  • Selected Families of Angiosperms  
    • Family: Fabaceae (Pea family)
    • Family: Solanaceae (Potato Family / Night shade family)
    • Family: Liliaceae (Lily Family)
1.06 Cell: the Unit of Life [Revision]
  • Discovery  
  • Microscopy  
    • Bright field Microscope
    • Electron Microscope
  • Cell Theory  
    • Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life
    • Exception to Cell Theory 
    • Protoplasm Theory
    • Cell sizes and shapes
  • Types of Cells  
    • Explanation
    • Example
  • Plant and Animal Cell  
    • Ultra Structure of an Eukaryotic Cell
    • Protoplasm
    • Difference between plant and animal cells 
    • Cell Wall
    • Cell Membrane
  • Flagella  
    • Prokaryotic Flagellum
    • Eukaryotic Flagellum– Cell Motility
1.07 Cell Cycle [Revision]
1.08 Biomolecules [Revision]
1.09 Tissue and Tissue System [Revision]
  • Meristems or Meristematic Tissues  
    • Introduction
    • Types of Meristematic Tissue
  • Permanent Tissue  
  • Tissue System  
  • Comparison of Primary Structure – Dicot and Monocot Root, Stem and Leaf  
    • Primary Structure of Dicot Root – Bean Root
    • Piliferous Layer or Epiblema
    • Cortex
    • Stele
    • Pericycle
    • Vascular System
    • Primary Structure of Monocot 
    • Root-maize Root
    • Primary Structure of Monocot 
  • Fundamental Tissue System  
    • Extrastelar Ground Tissue
    • Intrastelar Ground Tissue
    • Different Components of Ground Tissue Systems
    • Endodermis
    • Pericycle
    • Pith or Medulla
1.1 Secondary Growth [Revision]
  • Secondary Growth in Dicot Stem  
    • Vascular Cambium
    • Origin and Formation of Vascular 
    • Organization of Vascular Cambium
    • Storied (Stratified cambium) and Non-Storied (Non-stratified cambium)
    • Activity of Vascular Cambium
    • Dendroclimatology
    • Tyloses
    • Secondary Phloem
    • Periderm
    • Bark
    • Lenticel
  • Secondary Growth in Dicot Root  
    • Differences Between Secondary Growth in Dicot Stem and Root
1.11 Transport in Plants [Revision]
  • Types of Transport  
    • Surface Transport
    1. Pack Animals
    2. Bullock Carts
    3. Road Transport
    4. Motor Lorries and Buses
    5. Tramways
    6. Railway Transport
    • Water Transport
    1. Inland Waterways
    2. Ocean Waterways
    • Air Transport
  • Cell to Cell Transport  
    • Passive Transport
    • Characteristics of diffusion
    • Significance of diffusion in Plants
    1. Channel Protein
    2. Carrier Protein
    • Active Transport
  • Plant Water Relation  
  • Absorption of Water  
    • Absorption of Water
    • Path of Water Across Root Cells
    • Mechanism of Water Absorption
  • Forces Contributing to Ascent of Sap  
  • Translocation of Organic Solutes  
    • Path of Translocation
    • Ringing or girdling experiment
    • Direction of Translocation
    • Source and Sink
    • Phloem Loading
    • Phloem Unloading
    • Mechanism of Translocation
  • Mineral Absorption  
    • Passive Absorption
    • Active Absorption
    • Donnan equilibrium
1.12 Mineral Nutrition [Revision]
  • Classification of Minerals  
  • Functions, Mode of Absorption and Deficiency Symptoms of Macronutrients  
  • Functions, Mode of Absorption and Deficiency Symptoms of Micronutrients  
  • Deficiency Diseases and Symptoms  
  • Critical Concentration and Toxicity of Minerals  
    • Critical Concentration 
    • Mineral Toxicity
  • Hydroponics and Aeroponics  
  • Nitrogen Fixation  
    • Non – Biological nitrogen fixation
    • Biological nitrogen fixation
  • Special Modes of Nutrition  
    • Saprophytic mode of nutrition in angiosperms
    • Parasitic mode of nutrition in angiosperms
    •  Symbiotic mode of Nutrition
    •  Insectivorous mode of nutrition
1.13 Photosynthesis [Revision]
  • Photosynthetic Pigments  
    • Chlorophyll
    • Phycobilins
  • Spectrum of Electromagnetic Radiation  
  • Photosynthetic Unit (Quantasome)  
  • Absorption Spectrum and Action Spectrum  
    • Absorption Spectrum
    • Action Spectrum
  • Emerson’s Experiments and Hill’s Reaction  
    • Red Drop or Emerson’s First Effect
    • Emerson’s Enhancement Effect
    • Hill’s Reaction
  • Concept of Photosynthesis  
    • Definition: Photosynthesis
    • Explanation
  • Photo-oxidation Phase of Light Reaction  
    • Photosystem and Reaction Centre
  • Photo Chemical Phase of Light Reaction  
    • Photolysis of Water
    • Electron Transport Chain of Chloroplast
  • Process of Photosynthesis  
    • Photophosphorylation  
      • Photophosphorylation
      • Forms of Photophosphorylation 
      1. Cyclic photophosphorylation
      2. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
  • Dark Reaction or C3 Cycle or Biosynthetic Phase or Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction (PCR)Cycle  
    • Phase 1- Carboxylation (Fixation)
    • Phase 2 – Glycolytic Reversal / Reduction
    • Phase 3 – Regeneration
  • Hatch and Slack Pathway or C4 Cycle or Dicarboxylic Acid Pathway or Dicarboxylation Pathway  
    • Stage: I Mesophyll Cells
    • Stage: II Bundle Sheath Cells
    • Significance of C4 cycle
  • Crassulacean Acid Metabolism or CAM Cycle  
  • Photorespiration or C2 Cycle or Photosynthetic Carbon Oxidation (PCO) Cycle  
    • Significance of photorespiration
    • Carbon Dioxide Compensation Point
  • Factors Affecting Photosynthesis  
  • Photosynthesis in Bacteria  
1.14 Respiration [Revision]
  • Structure of ATP  
  • Concept of Redox Reactions  
  • Stages of Respiration  
    • Glycolysis
    • Pyruvate Oxidation (Link reaction)
    • Krebs cycle or Citric acid cycle or TCA cycle
    • Electron Transport Chain (ETC)(Terminal oxidation)
  • Respiratory Quotient  
  • Factors Affecting Respiration  
  • Pentose Phosphate Pathway (Phospho Gluconate Pathway)  
1.15 Plant Growth and Development [Revision]
  • Plant Growth Regulators  
    • Auxins
    • Gibberellins
    • Cytokinins (Cytos – cell, Kinesis – division)
    • Ethylene (Gaseous Phytohormone)
    • Abscisic Acid (ABA) (Stress Phyto hormone)
  • Senescence  

2: Biology Zoology [Revision]

Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 11 Biology (Botany and Zoology) Syllabus
2.01 The Living World [Revision]
  • Diversity in the Living World  
    • Diversity in the Living World
    • Biodiversity
    • Types of Biodiversity
    1. Genetic Biodiversity
    2. Species Biodiversity
    3. Ecological Biodiversity
  • Need for Classification  
  • Taxonomy and Systematics  
    • Taxonomy
    • Systematics
    • Classification of Taxonomy
    1. Plant Taxonomy
    2. Animal Taxonomy
  • Three Domains of Life  
    • Three Domains of life
    • Domain Archaea
    • Domain Bacteria
    • Domain Eukarya (Eukaryotes)
  • Taxonomic Hierarchy  
    • Taxon
  • Nomenclature  
    • Definition: Nomenclature
    • Key Points: Nomenclature of Carbon Compounds
  • Concept of Species  
  • Tools for Study of Taxonomy  
    • The classical taxonomical tools
    • Molecular taxonomical tools
    • Automated species identification tools
2.02 Kingdom Animalia [Revision]
2.03 Tissue Level of Organisation [Revision]
2.04 Organ and Organ Systems in Animals [Revision]
  • Earthworm - Lampito Mauritii  
    • Earthworms
    • Classification of earthworm
    • Economic importance of earthworm
  • Cockroach - Periplaneta Americana  
    • Cockroach - Periplaneta americana
    • Biological classification of cockroach
    • Various kinds of cockroaches
  • Frog  
2.05 Digestion and Absorption [Revision]
  • Human Digestive System  
    • Digestion
    • Alimentary Canal 
    • Digestive organs
  • Digestion of Food and Role of Digestive Enzymes  
    • Digestion in the buccal cavity
    • Digestion in the stomach
    • Digestion in the small intestine
  • Peristalsis, Digestion, Absorption and Assimilation of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Fats  
    • Absorption
    • It is carried out by various processes:
    1. Passive Absorption
      ⇒ Process
      a) Simple diffusion
      b) Osmosis
      c) Facilitated transport
    2. Active absorption
    • Absorption of fatty acids and glycerol
    • Absorption in different parts of the alimentary canal
    • Assimilation
  • Egestion of Food  
  • Caloric Value of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats  
  • Nutritional and Digestive Disorders  
2.06 Respiration [Revision]
2.07 Body Fluids and Circulation [Revision]
2.08 Excretion [Revision]
2.09 Locomotion and Movement [Revision]
  • Types of Movement  
  • Different Types of Muscles and Their Functions  
  • Skeletal Muscle (Voluntary Muscle)  
    • Structure of a skeletal muscle fibre
  • Structure of Contractile Proteins  
  • Mechanism of Muscle Contraction  
  • Types of Skeletal Muscle Contraction  
    • Isotonic contraction
    • Isometric contraction
  • Skeletal System and Its Function  
  • The Axial Skeleton  
    • The Skull 
    • The Vertebral Column
    • The Sternum (Chest bone)
    • The Rib cage
  • The Appendicular Skeleton  
    • The Upper limb
    • The Lower limb
    • Structure of a typical long bone
  • Types of Joints  
    • Synarthroses
    • Sutures
    • Syndesmoses
    • Gomphoses
      A. Cartilagenous or slightly movable joints - Synchondroses, Symphysis
      B. Synovial joints or freely movable joints - Pivot joint, Ball and socket joint, Hinge joint, Condyloid joint, Gliding joint, Saddle joint.
  • Disorders of Muscular and Skeletal System  
  • Benefits of Regular Exercise  
    1. Health Benefits
      (a) Reduces risk of Cardiovascular Disease
      (b) Weight Management
      (c) Strengthens Bones and Muscles
      (d) Reduces risk of some Cancers
      (e) Reduces risk of Falls
    2. Provides Stress Relief
    3. Increases Happiness
    4. Promotes Self-Efficacy
    5. Promotes Social Cohesion
    6. Enhances Value Orientation
    7. Cognitive Benefits
      (a) Attention Control
      (b) Improves Memory
    8. Mental Health Benefits
      (a) Exercise as therapy for emotional disorder
      (b) Fitness as moderator of life stress
      (c) Runners High
    9. Psychological Well-being
    10. Personality Enhancement
    11. Develops Leadership Qualities
    12. Special Population
      (a) Clinical Population
      (b) Elderly Population
2.1 Neural Control and Coordination [Revision]
  • Human Neural System  
  • Sensory Reception and Processing  
    • Photoreceptor - Eye
    • Phonoreceptor
    • Olfactory receptors
2.11 Chemical Coordination and Integration [Revision]
  • Hypo and Hyper Activity of Endocrine Glands and Related Disorders  
2.12 Trends in Economic Zoology [Revision]
  • Scope of Zoology  
  • Vermiculture  
    • Vermicomposting
    • Advantages of Using Vermicompost
  • Aquaponics  
    • Advantages of Aquaponic gardening
  • Aquaculture  
    • Fish culture
    • Prawn Culture 
    • Pearl Culture
  • Animal Husbandry and Management  
    • Poultry Farming
    • Duck Farming

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