CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Syllabus - Free PDF Download
CISCE Syllabus 2026-27 ICSE Class 10 : The CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Syllabus for the examination year 2026-27 has been released by the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations, CISCE. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2026-27 CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new CISCE syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Syllabus for 2026-27 is below.
Academic year:
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Revised Syllabus
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Course Structure 2026-27 With Marking Scheme
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Syllabus
1: Demand and Supply: Basic Concepts [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Syllabus
1 Elementary Theory of Demand [Revision]
- Concept of Demand
- Introduction
- Meaning
- Definition: Want
- Definitions: Demand
- Formula: Demand
- Features
- Micro View: Individual Demand
- Macro View: Aggregate Demand
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
- Types of Demand
- Individual or Market Demand
- Ex Ante and Ex Post Demand
- Joint Demand
- Derived Demand
- Composite Demand
- Price Demand
- Income Demand
- Cross Demand
- Direct Demand
- Alternative Demand
- Competitive Demand
- Key Point Summary
- Demand Schedule
- Introduction
- Types of Demand Schedules
- Key Point Summary
- Demand Curve
- Introduction
- Demand Schedule to Demand Curve
- Application
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
- Determinants of Demand
- Major Determinants of Demand
- Types of Goods and Income Effect
- Relation between Income and Demand
- Relation between Price and Demand for Related Goods
- Key Point Summary
- Law of Demand
- Introduction
- Statement
- Formula: Law of Demand
- Definition: Law of Demand
- Assumptions
- Tabular Representation
- Demand Curve
- Key Point Summary
- Exceptions to the Law of Demand
- Introduction
- Major Exceptions With Examples
- Key Point Summary
- Movement along the Demand Curve and Shift of the Demand Curve
- Introduction
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
- Change in Demand – Shift in Demand Curve
- Introduction
- Law of Demand vs. Change in Demand
- Types
- Main Causes
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
2 Elasticity of Demand [Revision]
- Concept of Elasticity of Demand
- Introduction
- Definition: Elasticity of Demand
- Elasticity Types
- Key Points: Concept of Elasticity of Demand
- Methods of Measuring Price Elasticity of Demand
- Total Expenditure Method
- Example: Total Expenditure Method
- Proportionate (Percentage) Method
- Example Table: Proportionate (Percentage) Method
- Point Elasticity Method
- Elasticity at Different Points
- Arc Elasticity Demand
- Example: Arc Elasticity Method
- Revenue Method
- Example: Revenue Method
- Real-Life Applications
- Key Points: Methods of Measuring Price Elasticity of Demand
- Types of Elasticity of Demand > Price Elasticity
- Introduction
- Definition: Price Elasticity of Demand
- Formula: Price Elasticity of Demand
- Degrees/Types of Price Elasticity
- Importance
- Key Points: Price Elasticity
- Factors Affecting Price Elasticity of Demand
- Introduction
- Flowchart
- Types of Elasticity of Demand > Income Elasticity
- Introduction
- Definition: Income Elasticity
- Formula: Income Elasticity of Demand
- Example
- Types of Income Elasticity of Demand
- Importance
- Real-Life Application
- Key Points: Income Elasticity
3 Theory of Supply [Revision]
- Concept of Supply
- Introduction
- Features
- Types of Supply
- Difference Between Stock and Supply
- Factors Affecting Supply
- Supply Schedule
- Supply Curve
- Distinction: Supply vs. Quantity Supplied
- Real-Life Application
- Key Points: Concept of Supply
- Types of Supply
- Market Period Supply, Short Period Supply and Long Period Supply
- Individual and Market Supply
- Joint Supply and Composite Supply
- Determinants Or Factors Governing the Supply
- Determinants of Supply
- Introduction
- Main Determinants of Supply
- Supply Function
- Determinants of Elasticity of Supply
- Importance of Elasticity of Supply
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
- Law of Supply
- Introduction
- Definition: Law of Supply
- Main Points
- Supply Schedule
- Statement of the Law of Supply
- Supply Curve
- Assumptions
- Exceptions
- Real-Life Application
- Key Points: Law of Supply
- Concept of Stock
- Distinguish between Stock and Supply
- Why Does the Supply Curve Slopes Upward to the Right
- Movements Along and Shifts in Supply Curve
- Supply Curve
- Movement Along Supply Curve
- Shift of the Supply Curve
- Factors Causing Shift in Supply Curve
- Table: Expansion vs Increase in Supply
- Table: Contraction of Supply vs. Decrease in Supply
- Reasons Behind the Shift in Supply Curve
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
- Distinction Between Change in Quantity Supplied (Or Movement Along Supply Curve and Change in Supply Or Shift of the Supply Curve)
- Distinction Between Expansion in Supply and Increase in Supply
- Distinction Between Contraction in Supply and Decrease in Supply
- Elasticity of Supply
- Meaning
- Measurement of Elasticity of Supply
- Types of Elasticity of Supply
- Factors Determining Elasticity of Supply
4 Elasticity of Supply [Revision]
- Elasticity of Supply
- Meaning
- Measurement of Elasticity of Supply
- Types of Elasticity of Supply
- Factors Determining Elasticity of Supply
- Degrees of Elasticity of Supply
- Perfectly Elastic Supply
- Perfectly Inelastic Supply
- Unitary Elastic Supply
- Relatively Elastic Supply
- Relatively Inelastic Supply
- Measurement of Elasticity of Supply
- Introduction
- Percentage Method
- Problem 1
- Problem 2
- Problem 3
- Problem 4
- Problem 5
- Problem 6
- Problem 7
- Problem 8
- Geometric Method
- Time Period and Elasticity
- Real-Life Application
- Factors Affecting Elasticity of Supply
2: Factors of Production: Basic Concepts [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Syllabus
4 Factors of Production [Revision]
- Production is Transformation
- Meaning of Production Mechanism
- Factors of Production
- Introduction
- Land
- Labour
- Capital
- Entrepreneurship (Organiser)
- Real-Life Application
- Key Points: Factors of Production
- Relative Importance of Different Factors of Production
5 Land [Revision]
- Land
- Characteristics of Land
- Functions of Land
- Importance of Land
- Productivity of Land
- Average Productivity of Land
- Marginal Productivity of Land
- Factors Affecting Productivity of Land
6 Destruction of Ecosystem [Revision]
- Industrialisation
- Definitions of industrialisation
- Characteristics of industrialisation
- Urbanisation in India
- Urbanization
- Distinct Phases of Urban Growth in India
- Migration
- On the basis of Region:
A. Internal migration
B. External Migration - Classification by Duration:
A. Short-term
B. Long-Term
- On the basis of Region:
- Dwelling Units
- Mining
- Construction of Dams
- Shifting Cultivation
- Causes of Destruction of Ecosystem
- Changes in land use pattern
- Industrialisation
- Mining
- Urbanisation
- Shifting Cultivation
- Dwelling Units
7 Labour [Revision]
- Factors of Production
- Introduction
- Land
- Labour
- Capital
- Entrepreneurship (Organiser)
- Real-Life Application
- Key Points: Factors of Production
- Characteristics of Labour
- Labour: an Important Factor of Production
- Entrepreneur - Special Type of Labour
- Labour and Economic Activities
- Division (Specialisation) of Labour
- Types of Division of Labour
- Simple (Personal or Occupational)
- Complex or Process
- Horizontal and Vertical
- Territorial or GeographicaI
- Advantages of Division of Labour
- Advantages to producers
- Advantages to workers
- Advantages to consumers
- Advantages to the society
- Disadvantages of Division of Labour
- Necessary Conditions for the Division of Labour
- Efficiency of Labour
- Reasons for Low Efficiency of Labour in India
- Suggestions for Improving the Efficiency of Indian Workers
8 Capital and Capital Formation [Revision]
- Factors of Production
- Introduction
- Land
- Labour
- Capital
- Entrepreneurship (Organiser)
- Real-Life Application
- Key Points: Factors of Production
- Difference Between Capital and Other Related Concepts
- Wealth and Capital
- Money and Capital
- Differences Between Land and Capital
- Differences Between Capital and Labour
- Characteristics of Capital
- Types of Capital
- Trade Capital and Social Capital
- Fixed Capital and Working Capital
- Sunk Capital and Floating Capital
- Concrete Capital, Money Capital and Debt Capital
- Internal Capital and External Capital
- National Capital and International Capital
- Consumption Capital and Production Capital
- Private Capital and Public Capital
- Remunerative Capital and Auxiliary Capital
- Functions of Capital
- Is Land Capital?
- Factors Influencing Or Affecting Capital Formation
- Significance of Capital Formation
- Causes of Low Rate of Capital Formation
- Suggestions to Raise Rate of Capital Formation
9 Entrepreneur [Revision]
- Factors of Production
- Introduction
- Land
- Labour
- Capital
- Entrepreneurship (Organiser)
- Real-Life Application
- Key Points: Factors of Production
- Concept of Entrepreneur
-
History
-
Concept
-
Definition
-
Characteristics
-
Qualities
-
Functions
-
- Difference Between Entrepreneur and Organisation
- Distinction Between Labour and Entrepreneur
- Distinction Between Capitalist and Entrepreneur
- Role of Entrepreneurs in Economic Development
3: Alternative Market Structures: Basic Concepts [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Syllabus
10 Nature and Structure of Markets [Revision]
- Alternative Market Structures
- Concept of Market
- Introduction
- Definition: Market
- Essential Market Conditions
- Types of definition of market
- Features of a market
- Real-Life Application
- Key Points: Concept of Market
- Characteristics of Market
- Classification of Market Structure
- Broad classification of market structure
- Main market forms
- Key Points: Classification of Market Structure
- Factors Determining Forms of Market
- Market Structure
- Meaning of Market Structure
- Main types of market structures
- Characteristics of Market Structure
- Key Points: Market Structure
- Factors Determining Market / Extent of Market
- Extent of Market
- Factors That Decide Market Size
- Real-Life Application
- Key Points: Factors Determining Market / Extent of Market
- Similarities Between Monopolistic Competition and Perfect Competition
- Similarities Between Monopolistic Competition and Monopoly
4: The State and Economic Development [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Syllabus
11 The State and Economic Development [Revision]
- The State and Economic Development
- Introduction of Public and Private Sector
- Definition of Public Sector
- History of public Sector
- The objectives of Public Sector
- Socio-Economic Development
- Indicators of Socio-Economic Development
- Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
- Life Expectancy
- Literacy
- Employment
- Provision of House , Clean Drinking Water and Sanitation
- Importance of Public sector
- Public Sector and Capital Formation
- Economic Development
- Balanced Regional Development
- Employment Generation
- Export Promotion and Foreign Exchange Earnings
- Protection to Sick Industries
- Import Substitution
- Difference between Public sector and private sector
- Definition of Private sector
- Functions of Private Sector
- Functions of the State in Promoting Economic Development
- Role of State in Economic Development
12 Instruments of State Intervention [Revision]
- The Instruments of State Intervention
- Objectives of Fiscal Policy
- Types of Taxes
- Monetary Policy
- Introduction
- Definitions
- Distinction Between Monetary and Fiscal Policy
13 Public Sector Enterprises [Revision]
- Public Sector Organisations
- Introduction
- Evolution of Public Sector in India
- Definition: Public Sector Organisation
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
- Role of Public Sector Enterprises
- Problems of Public Sector Enterprises/Reasons for Declining Popularity of Public Sector
- Suggestions to Improve the Efficiency of Public Sector Enterprises
14 Privatization of Public Enterprises [Revision]
- Privatization of Public Enterprises
- Reasons for Privatization
- The issue of privatization of public enterprises
- Rationale of Privatisation in India
- Reasons in Favour of Privatisation
- Pre-requisites for Privatisation
- Limitations of the Privatisation
- Suggestive Framework for Privatisation
- Arguments for Privatisation Or Disinvestment
- Arguments Against Privatisation (Or Disinvestment)
5: Money and Banking: Basic Concepts [Revision]
CISCE ICSE Class 10 Economic Applications Syllabus
15 Money and Inflation [Revision]
- Barter system
- Introduction
- Definition: Barter System
- Difficulties in Barter System
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
- Importance of Money
- Forms of Money
- Full Bodied Money
- Flat Money
- Legal Tender Money
- Bank Money
- Near Money
- Qualities of Money
- Characteristics
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
- Inflation
- Meaning of Inflation
- Demand-pull Inflation
- Cost-push Inflation
- Characteristics of Inflation
- Types of Inflation
- Meaning, Causes, effect, and Differences of:
- Cost-push inflation
- Demand-pull inflation
- Causes of Inflation
- Demand pull factors
- Cost push factors
- Effects of Inflation
- Positive and negative effects of inflation on production.
- Positive and negative effects of inflation on distribution with reference to fixed income group and business income group only.
- Anti-inflationary Measures
16 Banking : Commercial Banks and Central Bank [Revision]
- Structure of Money Market in India > Organized Sector
- Commercial Banks
- Introduction
- Definitions: Commercial Bank
- Functions of Commercial Banks
- Structure
- Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
- Introduction
- Popular Definitions of Central Bank
- Role and Control of the Reserve Bank of India
- Functions of RBI in Relation to Banks and NBFCs
- Central Banks of Major Economies
- Commercial Banks
- Importance of Banks
- Banking > Functions of Commercial Bank
- Primary Functions
- Secondary Functions
- Credit Creation by Commercial Banks
- Definitions
- Methods of Credit Creation
- Process of Credit Creation
- Limits to Credit Creation
- Nationalisation of Banks
- Objectives of Nationalisation
- Meaning of Central Bank
- Differences Between a Central Bank and a Commercial Bank
- Central Bank
- Introduction
- Definitions
- Evolution of Central Bank
- Need for Central Bank
- Importance of Central Bank
- Functions of Central Bank
- Functions of a Central Bank
- Bank of Note-Issue
- Banker, Agent and Advisor to the Government
- Banker to the Banks (or Bank of Banks) and Supervisor
- Custodian of Foreign Exchange Reserves
- Controller of Credit
- Monetary Policy of the Central Bank
- Various Aspects of Credit Control Measures
- Objectives of Credit Control
- Stabilisation of the General Price Level
- Stabilisation of the Money Market
- Promoting Economic Growth
- Methods of Credit Control
- General or Quantitative Methods
- Selective or Qualitative Methods
- Limitations on the Power to Control Credit
