Definitions [8]
Define the term solution.
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, whose relative amounts may be changed within certain limits, is called a solution.
Define:
Solute
A solute is a substance that dissolves in a medium, which can be water or any other substance. A solute is in a smaller quantity in a solution. e.g., sodium chloride.
Define the term solute.
The substance which dissolves or disappears in the solvent, i.e., liquid, to form a solution is called a solute. E.g., sodium chloride.
Define Solvent.
A solvent is a medium in which a solute dissolves. It is in large quantity in a solution. Water is the most common solvent. The other solvents are alcohol, carbon tetrachloride, etc.
Example: Water
Define the term solution with reference to the addition of sodium chloride to water.
A homogenous mixture of a solute in a solvent is called a solution.
Define the term:
Ideal solution
It is characterised as a solution that adheres to Raoult's Law, with no interactions between the molecules and no volume or heat change during mixing.
For an ideal solution, Enthalpy of mixing of the pure components to form the solution is Δmix H = 0 and the volume of mixing is Δmix V = 0.
Define isotonic solutions.
Two or more solutions exerting the same osmotic pressure are called isotonic solutions.
When two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane and no osmosis occurs, i.e., there is no net flow of water on either side through the membrane, the solutions are said to be isotonic solutions. If the membrane is perfectly semipermeable, the two solutions possess the same osmotic pressure and are also referred to as iso-osmotic solutions.
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Unsaturated solution: If the amount of solute contained in a solution is less than the saturation level, it is called an unsaturated solution. (till it is dissolving).
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Saturated solution: When no more solute can be dissolved in a solution at a given temperature, it is called a saturated solution.
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Solubility: The amount of the solute present in the saturated solution at this temperature is called its solubility.
Theorems and Laws [1]
State Henry’s law.
Henry’s law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution.
