Revision: Psychology and Sports Physical Education Commerce (English Medium) Class 12 CBSE

According to Raymond Cattell (1970), “Personality is that which permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation.”

According to Eysenck (1971), “Personality is the more or less stable and enduring organization of a person’s character, temperament, intellect and physique, which determine his unique adjustment to the environment.”

• According to Norman Munn, “Personality is a unique combination of an individual's physical structure, needs, interests, abilities, and aptitudes.”
• According to Gordon Allport, “Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to the environment.”
• Warren states that "Personality is the entire mental organisation of a human being at any stage of his development."
• According to Dashiell, "The system of reactions and reaction possibilities in toto as viewed by fellow members of the society is called one 'personality'."
• Morton Prince has defined personality as "the sum total of all the biological, innate dispositions, impulses, tendencies, appetites and instincts of the individual and the acquired dispositions and tendencies acquired by experience."

• Type A is competitive, impatient, and stressed—linked to a higher risk of heart disease (like a race car always speeding).
• Type B is relaxed, patient, and easy-going—has low stress and fewer health risks (like a calm walker).
• Type C is quiet, avoids conflict, and hides emotions—may have a possible cancer risk (like a teammate hiding discomfort).
• Type A focuses on achievement, Type B on the process, and Type C on pleasing others.
• Health and stress responses vary: Type A shows stress, Type B stays calm, Type C internalizes it.

• Jung’s personality types include introverts (self-reflective), extroverts (social), and ambiverts (a mix of both).
• His psyche structure has three levels: conscious, personal unconscious, and collective unconscious (with shared symbols).
• Archetypes like the Hero, Mother, Shadow, and Wise Old Man appear in myths and stories worldwide.
• The four functions of personality are thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuition, guiding how we make decisions.
• Jung focused on self-realization, not just on past conflicts, unlike Freud—his ideas inspired tools like the MBTI for career and self-awareness.

• The Big Five Model, developed by Robert McCrae and Paul Costa, explains personality through five major traits (OCEAN).
• Openness – Creativity, curiosity, imagination, and interest in new experiences.
• Conscientiousness – Self-discipline, responsibility, and organisation.
• Extraversion – Sociability, talkativeness, enthusiasm, and energy from social interaction.
• Agreeableness and Neuroticism – Agreeableness reflects kindness and cooperation; Neuroticism reflects emotional instability and a tendency toward negative emotions.