Question

Write a geographical account of market gardening and orchard farming in India.

Answer 1

Market gardening and orchard farming, part of horticulture, involve the intensive cultivation of fruits, vegetables, tuber crops, spices, ornamental plants, and plantation crops like coconut, cashewnut, and cocoa. India’s varied climate and soils support a wide range of such crops.

The Government promotes horticulture to diversify agriculture, ensure efficient use of land and resources, and generate rural employment, especially for women. India is the largest producer of coconut, arecanut, cashewnut, ginger, turmeric, and black pepper, and the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables. New crops like kiwi, olive, and oil palm have been introduced for commercial cultivation.

Hi-tech methods such as micro-propagation, protected cultivation, drip irrigation, and integrated nutrient and pest management are increasingly used, along with modern post-harvest technology. These advances have shifted horticulture from subsistence to commercial ventures, attracting young entrepreneurs and boosting productivity.