Question

When a judicial system is correctly calibrated, the law is applied by judges fearlessly, without favour or fear and with respect. That is why judicial security of tenure is so fundamental. It is also why judges must be properly paid without any interference from the Executive or Legislature. - (The Need for Independent Judiciary) UNODC

From the passage, deduce and mention any two ways in which the Constitution ensures the independence of the Judiciary.

Answer 1

The Constitution ensures the independence of the Judiciary in the following ways:

1. Security of Tenure: Judges in the Supreme and High Courts cannot be removed arbitrarily. Parliament can only remove them by impeachment for proven misbehaviour or incapacity.
2. Fixed Salaries and Benefits: Judges have fixed salaries, allowances, and pensions that are charged to the Consolidated Fund of India and cannot be altered during their service.