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प्रश्न
What is the basic principle of vaccination? How do vaccines prevent microbial infections? Name the organism from which hepatitis B vaccine is produced.
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उत्तर
The principle of vaccination is based on the property of `memory' of the immune system. In vaccination, a preparation of antigenic proteins of pathogens or inactivated/live but weakened pathogens is introduced into the body. The antigens generate the primary immune response by producing antibodies. The vaccines also generate the memory B-cells and T-cells. When the vaccinated person is attacked by the same pathogens, the existing memory B-cells or T-cells recognise the antigen quickly and overwhelm the invaders with massive production of lymphocytes and antibodies. The Hepatitis B vaccine is produced from yeast.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Put a tick mark (✓) against the correct alternative in the following statement:
Infectious diseases can be prevented by:
- Medicines
- Proper food
- Immunisation
- Exercise
Define the following:
Vaccine
Mention the contributions of
Edward Jenner
Fill in the blank:
Lack of insulin may lead to ................
Give a brief note on body’s natural defence mechanism to overcome diseases
Select the most appropriate option in each case.
'T' in DTP vaccination stands for
Select the most appropriate option in each case.
DPT stands for
Select the most appropriate option in each case.
Vaccines are
Given below is a table of certain vaccines, the diseases against which they are used and the nature of vaccine. Fill up the gaps 1-10.
|
Vaccine |
Disease(s) |
The Nature of Vaccine |
|
TAB |
1. _______________ |
2. ___________________ |
|
Salk's vaccine |
3. _______________ |
4. ___________________ |
|
BCG |
5. _______________ |
Living weakened germs |
|
Vaccines for measles |
Measles |
6. ___________________ |
|
Cowpox virus |
7. _______________ |
8. ___________________ |
|
Toxoids |
9. _______________ |
Extracts of toxins |
|
|
10. ______________ |
Secreted by bacteria |
Mention if the following statement is true (T) or false (F).
Vaccine provides the body with active immunity.
Mention if the following statement is true (T) or false (F).
BCG is the vaccine given to babies to help build immunity against three common diseases.
What is vaccination?
Define the following.
Vaccines
What is triple antigen? Mention the disease which can be prevented by using the antigen.
The process of vaccination was introduced by ______.
Expand the following:
OPV –
Which one of the following conditions though harmful in itself, is also a potential saviour from a mosquito borne infectious disease?
