Question

What do early texts such as the Ṛig Veda, Arthaśhāstra, and the Mahābhārata reveal about politics?

Answer 1

1. The Ṛig Veda: The Ṛig Veda shows that early political organisation was mainly kinship-based. People were organised into clans or janas, and the rājā was their leader. Assemblies such as the sabha and samiti also played an important role in decision-making.
2. The Arthaśhāstra: The Arthaśhāstra describes a strong and well-organised state. It explains the role of the king, officials and administration. It also gives details about tax collection, spies, the army, trade and law and order. The king was expected to ensure the welfare and security of his subjects.
3. The Mahābhārata: The Mahābhārata explains the idea of rājadharma, or the duties of a king. It states that a ruler should protect the people, provide justice and maintain peace. It shows that good governance depended on the ruler following his moral and political responsibilities.