Question

What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him?

Answer 1

Napoleon set about implementing many of the reforms that he had already implemented in France across the vast territory that he now controlled. Napoleon's restoration to monarchy undoubtedly damaged democracy in France, but in the administrative sphere, he utilised revolutionary concepts to make the entire system more rational and efficient. The Civil Code of 1804, usually known as the Napoleonic Code, did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property. This code was exported to regions under French rule. Napoleon reduced administrative divisions in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy, and Germany, abolished the feudal system, and liberated peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.

Guild limitations have also been lifted in towns. Transport and communication systems were improved. Peasants, artisans, workers, and new businessmen relished their newfound independence. Businessmen and small-scale manufacturers of goods, in particular, began to recognise that uniform laws, standardised weights and measures, and a common national currency would make it easier to transport and exchange goods and capital from one region to another.