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प्रश्न
What are black soils? Describe their formation and characteristics.
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उत्तर
Black soils are formed by volcanoes. These soils are also known as the ‘Regur Soil’ or the ‘Black Cotton Soil’.
Features: The black soils are generally clayey, deep, and impermeable. They swell and become sticky when wet and shrink when dried. So, during the dry season, this soil develops wide cracks.
Thus, there occurs a kind of ‘self ploughing’. Because of this character of slow absorption and loss of moisture, the black soil retains the moisture for a very long time, which helps the crops, especially; the rain-fed ones, to sustain even during the dry season.
Chemical Composition: Chemically, the black soils are rich in lime, iron, magnesia, and alumina. They also contain potash. But they lack phosphorous, nitrogen, and organic matter. The colour of the soil ranges from deep black to grey.
Areas: Black soil covers most of the Deccan Plateau which includes parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and some parts of Tamil Nadu. In the upper reaches of the Godavari and the Krishna, and the northwestern part of the Deccan Plateau, the black soil is very deep.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Tick the most suitable answer in question
In addition to the rock particles, the soil contains
The water holding capacity is the highest in ___________.
Match the items in Column I with those in Column II:
| Column I | Column II |
| A home for living organisms | Large particles |
| Upper layer of the soil | All kinds of soil |
| Sandy soil | Dark in colour |
| Middle layer of the soil | Small particles and packed tight |
| Clayey soil | Lesser amount of humus |
How is clayey soil useful for crops?
Give one geographical reason for the following:
Laterite soil is red in colour.
Mention two differences between Alluvial Soil and Black Cotton Soil.
Giver a geographical reason for the each of the following:
Alluvial soil differs in texture.
State the geographical term for each of the following processes:
The process by which rainwater, flowing in a definite path, removes the topsoil, thus causing deep cuts to the surface of the land.
Give a geographical reason for each of the following:
Alluvial soil is extremely fertile.
Terrace farming is an ideal soil conservation method for hilly regions.
What is meant by ‘in Situ’?
Name the Soil known for its self-ploughing quality and the capacity to hold moisture. Name any two cash crops for which it is specially suited.
Name one important crop that thrives best in Regur and Red Soil, and a sea-port from where it is exported.
Name the soil which is formed due to high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternating wet and dry periods.
How is Black Soil formed?
What are the other names of Black Soil? Where are they found?
Mention any two advantages of the Black Soil.
What are mineral deficiencies of Red Soil? How can they be corrected?
How is red soil formed?
Where is Laterite Soil found?
Mention two ways by which soil can get nitrogen.
Why Black Soils are also called ‘Black Cotton Soil’?
Why Black Soil needs to be tilled after the first rains?
Name the soil which
Makes up the delta of the River Ganga.
Which one of the following soil is the best for cotton cultivation?
Which one of the following is responsible for sheet erosion?
On an outline map of India, mark the areas covered by the following soil categories.
(i) Red soil
(ii) Laterite soil
(iii) Alluvial soil.
