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प्रश्न
Answer the following question briefly:
The French Revolution of 1789 was a milestone and a major turning point in human history. In this context discuss the following causes:
An unjust, unequal social order of the Ancient Regime
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उत्तर
An unequal, unjust social order: French society was essentially feudal in nature.
It was divided into three main classes, called Estates:
- The First Estate consisted of the clergy (church officials).
- The Second Estate consisted of the nobles and their families.
- The Third Estate was composed of 95 percent of the population. It included the peasants, artisans, workers and the middle class (consisting of merchants, manufacturers, and professionals such as lawyers, doctors, teachers, etc.)
The First and Second Estates enjoyed numerous privileges. They owned practically all the land in France but did not have to pay any taxes. They were very wealthy and led comfortable and luxurious lives.
The Third Estate, on the other hand, shouldered the entire burden of taxation but was not entitled to any of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and the nobles. Taxes were imposed on everything, including basic necessities like salt. Life was very hard, especially for the poor peasants who had to pay additional taxes to their feudal lords.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Match the following:
| A | B |
| 1. Industrial Revolution | (a) India |
| 2. socialism | (b) Colonies |
| 3. Trade unions | (c) Factory System |
| 4. Imperialism | (d) Equal Share of Wealth |
| 5. British colony | (e) Better working Conditions of Workers |
State whether the following is true or false:
There was a wide gulf between the capitalists and the workers.
Give one example of the following:
a colony
Answer the following question in one or two words/ sentences:
Mention two characteristic features of the French monarchy.
With reference to the French Revolution, discuss the following:
The Tennis Court Oath
State whether the following statement is true or false:
The French society was divided into three classes, each enjoying similar rights and privileges.
State whether the following statement is true or false:
The French Revolution began with the storming of Bastille in 1789.
Answer the following question
Write a short note on Napoleon.
Write a short note on
The role of philosophers and thinkers of the 18th century.
Answer all questions given under the heading.
The French Philosophers
- Mention the famous quote of Voltaire.
- What was famously said by Rousseau in his ‘Social Contract’.
- Who wrote the ‘Persian Letters’
- What was the impact of these Philosophers on French society?
