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प्रश्न
‘Since’or‘For’
We often use the Present Perfect with time expressions using ‘since’ or ‘for’.
Which expressions go with since and which go with for? (Indicate with a tick). (The first two have been done for you.)
We use ‘since’ to express ______ in time, whereas ‘for’ is used to express ______ of time.
| since | for | |
| last week | ||
 |
 |
a short time |
| a decade | ||
| deepawali | ||
| the day before yesterday | ||
| centuries | ||
| june | ||
| 22 june | ||
| several weeks | ||
| 2009 | ||
| 6 months | ||
| ages |
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उत्तर
We use ‘since’ to express a point in time, whereas ‘for’ is used to express a period of time
| since | for | |
| last week | ||
| ✓ | ✓ | a short time |
| ✓ | a decade | |
| ✓ | Deepawali | |
| ✓ | the day before yesterday | |
| ✓ | centuries | |
| ✓ | June | |
| ✓ | 22nd June | |
| ✓ | several weeks | |
| ✓ | 2009 | |
| ✓ | 6 months | |
| ✓ | ages |
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Answer the following question briefly
Which of the following traits are relevant to the character of the narrator's grandmother?
(i) determined
(ii) selfish
(iii) emotional
(iv)mean
Give reasons for your choice.
Answer the following question briefly:
(a) What is a ‘nickname’ ? Can you suggest another one for Private Quelch?
The sequence of events has been jumbled up. Rearrange them and complete the given flowchart.
(1) Major Percy and Bill come to the house.
(2) Harold comes to know that his father is a boxer.
(3) Bill tells his wife that he is doing it for Harold.
(4) Jerry Fisher tries to convince Bill to reconsider.
(5) Mrs. Bramble is amazed to think that she has brought such a prodigy as Harold into the world.
(6) Harold wants to know what will happen to the money he had bet on Murphy losing.(7) Mrs. Bramble is informed that Bill had decided not to fight.
(8) Mrs. Bramble resumes work of darning the sock.
(9) Harold is alone with his mother in their home.
Answer the following questions:
How does the brook ‘sparkle’?
Answer the following questions:
Where does it finally meet the river?
Read the following extracts and answer the question that follow by choosing the correct options.
'But your parents would take possession of it, every year from the beginning of spring
until the end of September. What's more they would bring the whole tribe of your sister's
children with them.'
(a) What does Gaston mean by 'take possession'?
(i) her parents would stay with them for a long time.
(ii) Juliette's sister has many children.
(iii) Gaston does not like children.
(iv) Juliette's sister's children are badly behaved.
The next part of the story has been given below. Punctuate it, remember to use quotation marks (" ")when people speak.
they were dressed strangely in eccentric clothing shorts shirts and different garments they carried in their hands their bodies from throat to ankle were hidden by black cloaks the boy who controlled them came forward vaulted on to the platform with his cloak flying and peered into what was almost complete darkness whereas the man with the trumpet ralph sensing his sun blindness answered him theres no man with a trumpet only me the boy came close and peered down at ralph screwing up his face as he did so he turned quickly isnt there a ship then he was tall thin and bony his face was crumpled and freckled out of his face stared two light blue eyes frustrated now and turning or ready to turn to anger isnt there a man here ralph spoke to his back no we are having a meeting come and join us
Present Continuous
Look around your classroom and observe the activities in your school in this
period. Describe what you, your teacher or class are doing in the form of a
paragraph.
e.g. The Blue House is practising its songs for the competition. I can hear the band
which is playing patriotic tunes, in the playground.
Now, work individually, and with the help of the information in the box below, write six appropriate sentences.
| H | P | R | |
| Mrs Sharma | fever | Palatial house | brother-in-law living with them |
| Shyam | Sound health | Personal computer | dog |
The author uses many vivid and colourful expressions to describe the ocean, clouds, sky, waves and his own feelings. List the expressions that you like the most .
- Ocean
1)
2)
- Clouds and sky
1) The sun looked out for the last time as if it was saying goodbye to me .
2)
- Waves
1)
2)
Find at least two expressions under each heading .
Now that you have seen some techniques for creating vivid images with language, try to compose a poem or write a short descriptive paragraph using similes and colourful expressions. Work in pairs if you prefer. Then read it out to the class.
Choose one of these themes: waves, stars and moon, rocks, sunset or sunrise.
Consider the following for your chosen theme:
• What does it look like?
• What does it feel like?
• What does it sound like?
• How does it move?
• Where do we see it?
• When do we see it?
The Indian Rhinoceros: Where are they? Do they have a future?
We are very materialistic and are often lured into buying and using clothes and articles made from animal skin and other organs.
Here's a shopping list ....... .
The list seems endless, doesn't it? Are these things not shameful enough to set us pondering deeply over the harm that we are inflicting on nature's creations?
1. Why is the list 'most shameful'?
2. What is the name of the organisation that has been formed to protect and conserve wildlife?
3. Name at least ten other animals that are being exploited by man for commercial purposes. Surf the net to get your information and complete the following table
| Animal | Part of the body used | Product |
| 1. | ||
| 2. | ||
| 3. | ||
| 4. | ||
| 5. | ||
| 6. | ||
| 7. | ||
| 8. | ||
| 9. | ||
| 10. |
During your discussions in groups, and in your individual written report, you will find the following language useful :
GROUP DISCUSSION
When recommending
| I | Propose suggest recommend |
that..... |
| what about ? why don't we....... |
| we could think |
consider...... about......... |
WRITTEN REPORT
When recommending
| I |
propose |
that..... |
| I strongly recommend that ........ |
| I urge the commision to ....... |
| It is | recommended proposed |
that.... |
| My | recommendation proposal |
is that...... |
When giving reasons
| ................. as .............. ................because ......... ..............since ............... |
| My reason is that .................... |
When giving reasons
| ................. as .............. ................because ......... ..............since ............... |
| My reason is that....................... In view of the fact that.............. |
After the role play, the Chairman will put forward the final decision with reasons.
: Duties and Privileges
. In some schools the student - council members are assigned duties at the
beginning of every academic year.
Write a job description to be given to the newly elected Environment
Monitor of your school.
You may do this individually. Later your class as a whole can come out with one
duty list to be displayed on the soft-board. You may use the words given in the
box below.
can, may, can’t, mustn’t, must, should, have to.
The Passive in Tentative Statements
The passive is often used in tentative statements where the writer tries to be as neutral as possible.
| considered | to | be… | ||
| It | is | said | ||
| known | to | have been… | ||
| They | are | acknowledged believed regarded as… |
8.1
Look at the box below. Write tentative statements following the pattern in the table above.
Maintaining a Point of view
(a) Read the following passage. Underline the verbs in the active voice and put circles around verbs in the passive voice. The first two have been completed.
Dr. Godbole arrived at the station at 6.30 pm and (was met) by Professor Salisbury of the Institute of Environmental Studies. After being driven to the Conference Centre for a brief meeting, the Indian forestry expert was taken to his hotel. The following morning, he presented his paper entitled “Save the trees — Save the world” which was greeted with prolonged applause. After his brief visit, Dr. Godbole is reported to have said he was very pleased with its outcome.
(b) From whose perspective or point of view is this description given? How does the use of the passive voice help maintain this?
Several youngsters have problems in dealing with their parents. With your partner, discuss the difference ln views and complete the table below. Sometimes there may be no contradiction between the two views.
| Features | As we see ourselves | As our parents see us |
| How tidy we are | ||
| The types of clothes we wear | ||
| How courteous we are | ||
| How much we study | ||
| How independently are we allowed to express our opinions |
Rearrange the jumbled words to form meaningful sentences. Rewrite the sentences using appropriate punctuation marks:
(a) in 2004 / the Nobel Peace prize / Dr. Wangari Maathai / was awarded
_______________________________________________
(b) towards sustainable development / the award / was in / her service / recognition of
_______________________________________________
(c) Nairobi’s Uhuni Park / in 1989 / saved / single-handedly / she
_______________________________________________
(d) which is an NGO / she is / the Green Belt Movement / the founder of
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
(f) has earned / Dr. Wangari Maathai / “Tree Mother of Africa” / the title
_______________________________________________
20 years from now, one of your class-mates becomes a famous sport-star. You have been asked to write his/her biography. Collect the necessary biographical details. Use your imagination to create his / her achievements in the sport concerned, and write the biography. Remember to write it in chronological order of events, and use the simple past tense as far as possible.
