Question

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

The processes which form the different landforms are called the Geomorphic Processes. The geomorphic processes are further classified into Exogenic processes and endogenic processes. The processes which occur inside the Earth are called the endogenic processes and the processes which occur upon the surface of the earth are called the exogenic processes. Tectonic, seismic and volcanic activities are examples of endogenic processes while the processes of erosion and deposition carried out by water, wind and glacier are called the exogenic processes. Water, wind and glacier are called the Geomorphic agents.  Diastrophism refers to gradual large scale deformations of the Earth’s crust due to its vertical and horizontal movements which lead to the formation of continents, ocean basins, mountains, rift valleys etc. Epeirogenic movement refers to the continent building, vertical movement of the Earth’s crust involving uplift and subsidence of land. Orogenic movement refers to the process of formation of the mountains. It is called Orogeny or Orogenesis. It involves horizontal movement of earth’s crust. There is a great variety of landforms on the Earth’s surface-mountains, hills, spurs, cliffs, valleys, gorges, caves, waterfalls, plains, plateaus and so on.

1. What are geomorphic processes?
2. What are geomorphic agents?
3. What is the difference between epeirogenic movements and orogenic movements of the Earth’s crust?
4. Name two endogenic processes and two exogenic processes.

Answer 1

1. Geomorphic processes are the processes which form the different landforms. They are classified into two types: exogenic processes, which occur on the surface of the earth, and endogenic processes, which occur inside the earth.
2. Geomorphic agents are the natural agents that carry out the processes of erosion and deposition on the earth’s surface. These include water, wind, and glaciers.
3. • Epeirogenic movements refer to the vertical movements of the earth’s crust involving uplift and subsidence of land; this is continent-building and mainly vertical.
   • Orogenic movements refer to the horizontal movements of the earth’s crust that lead to the formation of mountains; this process is called orogeny or orogenesis.
4. • Endogenic processes: tectonic activity, volcanic activity (also seismic activity)
   • Exogenic processes: erosion and deposition carried out by water, wind, and glacier.