Question

Read the passage given below.

1	Mountains have always been held in great awe by mankind. They have been a challenge to humans. Those brave among us have always wanted to conquer them. You see, the more incredible the mountains, the greater the thrill – a challenge to the bravery of the human race. Climbing mountains is an experience that is hard to put into words. You are in a beautiful environment and, when you reach the top, you feel incredible. But you also have to climb down, which is when most accidents happen – people are tired, it gets dark, it’s harder. So, mountain climbing is undoubtedly one of the most popular adventure sports along with being challenging and risky for the climber.
2	Without any perceived risk, there can’t be a feeling that any significant challenge has been surmounted. Fair, but we have to bear in mind that mountaineering is not a sport that can be embraced without preparation. The enthusiasts must develop in themselves the spirit of adventure, willingness to undertake hardships and risks, extraordinary powers of perseverance, endurance, and keenness of purpose before climbing a mountain. They should also know how to handle mountaineering equipment. Then comes the penance of the rigorous training. This could very well be the lifeline up there. It helps inculcate and hone survival instincts that allow the climber to negotiate perilous situations. There are numerous institutes in India and abroad that offer such training.
3	Mountain climbers are unanimous in agreeing that unpredictable weather is what they fear the most. There may be sunshine one moment and a snowstorm the other. At higher altitudes, snow is a regular feature and being decisive about setting up camps or proceeding further is crucial. The icy sheets after ice storms make walking treacherous, while the powdery snow makes a mountaineer sink deep into the snow. Up there, where the intention is to embrace Nature’s wonder, one realizes that it cannot be done without facing its formidable glory. A true mountaineer may challenge the mountain, yet is always respectful of the powerful forces of nature.
4	Summiting mountains carries its own health risks such as oxygen and altitude sickness problems, frost bites, swelling of hands and feet, fluid collection in brain or lungs and exhaustion. Yet, the gratification mountaineers feel from mastering something that is so frightening, urges them to undertake these endeavors. We may think that the mountaineers are fearless, experts say, “Not at all. It’s fear that keeps them so intrigued with such arduous journeys.” Impulse and brazenness can be deadly foes. In the words of the Indian mountaineer, Bachendri Pal, “The biggest risk ... is to not to take the risk at all. Remember that.”

i. Why does the writer say that mountains inspire ‘awe’ in humans? (Paragraph 1)  (1)

1. They present us with opportunities for exciting sports.
2. They evoke the wish in us, to master them.
3. They inspire in us, deeds of valour.
4. They represent peace and calm, to us.

ii. Select the option that corresponds to the following relation below:  (1)

The more incredible the mountains - the greater the thrill (Paragraph 1)

1. The higher the stamina - the lower the food intake
2. The more you laugh - the lesser your illness
3. The smaller the car - the bigger the advantage
4. The heavier the luggage - the higher the penalty

iii. Select the option that displays what the writer projects, with reference to the following:  (1)

So, mountain climbing is undoubtedly one of the most popular adventure sports (Paragraph 1)

1. doubt
2. caution
3. conviction
4. denial

iv. Complete the following with a phrase from paragraph 1.  (1)

Opinion	Reason
______	Best experienced rather than described

v. The writer compares training to penance in the line - Then comes the penance of the rigorous training. (Paragraph 2)  (1)

State 1 point of similarity between training and penance.

vi. Based on your reading of the text, list 2 reasons why the writer says that
“mountaineering is not a sport that can be embraced without preparation”. (Paragraph 2)  (1)

1. ____________
2. ____________

vii. What connect does the writer draw out between unpredictable weather and setting up of camps? (Paragraph 3)  (1)

viii. The writer says, “A true mountaineer may challenge the mountain, yet is always respectful to the powerful forces of nature.” (Paragraph 3)  (1)

Select the reason the mountaineer is respectful to the forces of nature, up in the mountains.

1. survival
2. experience
3. tradition
4. directive

ix. justify the following:  (1)

While mountain climbing, an impulsive mountaineer is either disaster-prone or as good as dead.

x. Evaluate the Inappropriate reason for the feeling of exhilaration on reaching a summit, that the mountain-climbers experience.  (1)

1. Achievement of a seemingly impossible feat
2. Spectacular panoramic view
3. Application of the inculcated survival instincts
4. Opportunity to use sophisticated mountaineering equipment

Answer 1

i. They evoke the wish in us, to master them.

ii. The heavier the luggage - the higher the penalty

iii. conviction

iv.

Opinion	Reason
hard to put into words	Best experienced rather than described

v. Penance means Punishment inflicted on oneself.

One point of similarity between training and penance is that they both are very difficult and require perseverance.

vi. 

• Because mountaineering includes difficulties like having to walk on icy sheets that cannot be accomplished without proper preparation of equipment.
• Because managing unpredictable weather is essential in mountaineering and cannot be accomplished without being prepared with specific training.

vii. If the weather is unpredictable, it makes it difficult to decide when to set up camp as mountaineers would prefer to climb when its sunny and camp when it’s snowing.

viii. survival

ix. Survival is key in mountain climbing and it can be done with careful decision-making and planning. Any impulsive action would lead to accidents or death.

x. Opportunity to use sophisticated mountaineering equipment