Question

Label the A, B, C, and D in the above diagram and write the functions of organells A and B.

Answer 1

• A: Mitochondria
  B: Endoplasmic Reticulum
  C: Golgi complex
  D: Amyloplast
• Functions of Mitochondria: 

1. 1. Shape of the mitochondria may be oval or spherical or like a spiral strip.
   2. It is a double membrane-bound organelle. 
   3. Outer membrane is permeable to various metabolites due to the presence of a protein-Porin or Parson’s particles.
   4. The inner membrane is selectively permeable to a few substances only.
   5. Both membranes are separated by intermembrane space.
   6. The inner membrane shows several finger-like or plate-like folds called as cristae which bears numerous particle oxysomes and cytochromes/electron carriers.
   7. Inner membrane encloses a cavity called the inner chamber, containing a fluid-matrix.
   8. Matrix contains few coils of circular DNA, RNA, 70S types of ribosomes, lipids, and various enzymes of Krebs’ cycle and other pathways.

• Functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum:
  1. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is in charge of transport.
  2. Carbohydrates and proteins are transported to other organelles.
  3. It is essential for lipid, glycogen, and protein production. Like other steroids, it offers a large space for biological responses.
  4. It serves as an intracellular supporting structure while also maintaining the cell's shape.
  5. It promotes the production of plasmodesmata.
  6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is the tubular membrane inside the cytoplasm of the cell. Its structure and function are found in both animal and plant cells.
  7. It is of two types: Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.
  8. The RER and SER ensure smooth intracellular processes necessary for cell survival and function.