Question

In spite of the fact that Indian Constitution abolished the practice of untouchability, why did the Dalit Panthers report to mass action.

Answer 1

Although the Constitution banned untouchability (Article 17), Dalits still faced daily discrimination and injustice, so the Dalit Panthers used mass action to demand real change, which is as follows:

1. Continued social discrimination: Untouchability and exclusion (no water, no temple entry, social boycott) went on in everyday life, so law alone did not help.
2. Economic hardship and lack of chances: Dalits had little land, few jobs, and low school access; mass action was used to demand real economic rights and reservation benefits.
3. Laws were not enforced properly: Anti‑untouchability rules existed, but the police, courts, and officials often ignored complaints, so Dalits had to protest to get attention.
4. Political neglect and need for voice: Mainstream parties did not represent Dalit interests well, so the Panthers organised mass rallies to make their problems visible and push for political power.