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प्रश्न
(i) Contrast the Chinese view of art with the European view, with examples.
(ii) Explain the concept of shanshui.
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उत्तर
(i)
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The Chinese view of art |
|
The European view of art |
|
1. |
Enhances the essence of inner life and spirit. |
i. |
Illustrates a perfect, illusionistic likeness in Europe. |
|
2. |
This art wants you to enter the artist’s mind to explore new dimensions on a spiritual and conceptual space |
ii. |
Figurative painting which chooses to use a single viewpoint. |
(ii) Shanshui, meaning “mountain-water”, refers to a style of Chinese painting that involves natural landscapes, the landscape which is an inner one, a spiritual and conceptual space. It represents the two complementary poles ('yin' and 'young') reflecting the Daoist view of the universe.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the following extract and complete the note with the help of the clues provided :
Vitamins are either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B vitamins, including niacin, folic acid and riboflavin, and vitamin C). They consist mainly of the elements nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in bod)' fat, while water-soluble vita1nins are used or quickly excreted in the urine.
Vitamin A is essential for the eyes, skin, hair, and bones; the B vitamins help enzymes to function; C is essential for the formation of collagen; D helps the body absorb calcium; E prevents cell damage, and K helps blood clotting. Most vitamins cannot be produced by the body and so must be obtained directly from food.
VITAMINS
| Vitamins are obtained from | |
| B Vitamins | Fat-soluble |
| Vitamins consist of | 1. 2. Oxygen 3. 4. Hydrogen |
| Vitamin A B C D E K |
Essential for eyes, skin, etc. Formation of collagen Prevents cell damage |
Fill in each blank with an appropriate word.
(i) The puppy was hiding ___________ the sofa.
(ii) Stop worrying ______ your future.
(iii) When I stepped ________ the lift, I found it had stopped working.
(iv) We had to use a bridge to go ______ the river.
(v) I have lived in this town ______ ten years.
(vi) Please switch __________ all lights and fans when you leave the room.
(vii) Ronnie is married ______ my cousin.
(viii) The gift came _______ a birthday card.
Transform the following sentence as per the given instruction.
How cruel Shylock was to demand his pound of flesh!
(Begin: It was cruel………………….)
Fill in the blank with the suitable word.
To every one’s surprise, he turned _____________ at the party.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions (a), (b) and (c) that follow :
(1) At the Literary Society’s meeting, Isola read out the letters written to her Granny Pheen, when she was but a little girl. They were from a very kind man – a complete stranger. Isola told us how these letters came to be written.
(2) When Granny Pheen was nine years old, her cat died. Heartbroken, sitting in the middle of the road, she was sobbing her heart out.
(3) A carriage, driving far too fast, came within a whisker of running her down. A very big man in a dark coat with a fur collar, jumped out, leaned over Pheen, and asked if he could help her. Granny Pheen said she was beyond help. Muffin, her cat, was dead.
(4) The man said, ‘Of course, Muffin’s not dead. You do know cats have nine lives, don’t you?’ When Pheen said yes, the man said, ‘Well, I happen to know your Muffin was only on her third life, so she has six lives left.’ Pheen asked how he knew. He said he always knew - cats would often appear in his mind and chat with him. Well, not in words, of course, but in pictures.
(5) He sat down on the road beside her and told her to keep still – very still. He would see if Muffin wanted to visit him. They sat in silence for several minutes, when suddenly the man grabbed Pheen’s hand.
(6) ‘Ah – yes! There she is! She’s being born this minute! In a mansion – in France. There’s a little boy petting her, he’s going to call her Solange. This Solange has great spirit, great verve – I can tell already! She is going to have a long, venturesome life.’
(7) Granny Pheen was so rapt by Muffin’s new fate that she stopped crying. The man said he would visit Solange every so often and find out how she was faring.
(8) He asked for Granny Pheen’s name and the name of the farm where she lived, got back into the carriage, and left.
(9) Absurd as all this sounds, Granny Pheen did receive eight long letters. Isola then read them out. They were all about Muffin’s life as the French cat − Solange. She was, apparently, something of a feline musketeer. She was no idle cat, lolling about on cushions, lapping up cream – she lived through one wild adventure after another – the only cat ever to be awarded the red rosette of the Legion of Honour.
(10) What a story this man had made up for Pheen – lively, witty, full of drama and suspense. We were enchanted, speechless at the reading. When it was over (and much applauded), I asked Isola if I could see the letters, and she handed them to me.
(11) The writer had signed his letters with a grand flourish :
VERY TRULY YOURS,
O.F. O’F. W.W.
It was highly possible that Isola had inherited eight letters written by Oscar Wilde, for who else could have had such a preposterous name as Oscar Fingal O’Flahertie Willis Wilde.
Adapted from : The Guernsey Literary & Potato Peel Pie Society – By Mary Ann Shaffer & Annie Barrows
(a) (i) Given below are four words and phrases. Find the words which have a similar meaning in the passage :[4]
(1) adventurous
(2) cat-like
(3) appreciated
(4) received something on someone’s death
(ii) For each of the words given below, write a sentence of at least ten words using the same word unchanged in form, but with a different meaning from that which it carries in the passage :[4]
(1) kind (line 2)
(2) mind (line 13)
(3) still (line 15)
(4) sounds (line 26)
(b) Answer the following questions in your own words as briefly as possible:
(i) Where did Isola get the letters from to read at the Literary Society’s meeting?[2]
(ii) Who consoled Granny Pheen when she was heart-broken? What did he say about Muffin’s lives?[2]
(iii) What did the man say when Granny Pheen asked him how he knew about cats’ lives?[2]
(iv) According to the man, what was Muffin’s new fate?[3]
(c) In not more than 100 words, summarise why the eight letters were a treasure to Granny Pheen. (Paragraphs 2 to 10). Failure to keep within the word limit will be penalised. You will be required to write the summary in the form of a connected passage in about 100 words.[8]
Do you consider the title apt?
In what sense is the tree ‘the harvest of a coming age’?
Explain how diction is important in the poem with the help of an example.
What are the poetic devices (figurative language) in the poem? How do they contribute to the meaning/how do they effect the poem?
Is there any significance of the logs of wood in the hands of the six people?
Pick out aparadox from the poem.
But a caged BIRD stands on the grave of dreams
His shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
His wings are clipped and his feet are tied
So he opens his throat to sing.
Read the above lines and answer the question that follow.
What does the line “and his shadow shouts on a nightmare scream” mean?
But a caged BIRD stands on the grave of dreams
His shadow shouts on a nightmare scream
His wings are clipped and his feet are tied
So he opens his throat to sing.
Read the above lines and answer the question that follow.
What is the main conflict in this poem?
Explain ‘may his tribe increase.’
What is the primary purpose of “Hearts and Hands” by O. Henry?
Why was Margot unhappy on Venus in “All Summer in a Day”?
What is the theme of all summer in a day by Ray Bradbury?
You had been waiting outside the examination hall. Describe what you saw and the sounds you heard when you arrived at the place. What were your feelings? Describe how the scene changed once you entered the hall and the examination started.
In the poem Breaking Out. the poet shows the gradual transformation of a young girl into a confident and independent individual who breaks the conventional stereotypes of society. Discuss with close reference to the text.
Combine the following sets of ideas to show the contrast between them.
(i) The Emperor may rule over the territory he has conquered.
(ii) The artist knows the way within.
Write a short story beginning with this sentence:
When the last of the guests left, I went back into the hall.
What is the poet’s feeling towards childhood?
What clues did Sherlock Holmes work upon to get at the fact that the story of the three Garridebs was a ruse?
Use the phrase in a sentence of your own, after finding out its meaning.
on board
Discuss the following with your partner and complete the following sentence.
Before eating apples brought from the market, I wash and peel them off ____________________.
Discuss with your partner and describe the atmosphere in the woods when Peter Crouch was heading towards Mrs. Adis’s House. It was -
- a dark moonless night.
- _________________________
- _________________________
Compose a poem on a farmer in 4 to 6 lines in continuation of the following.
- He sweats ________________
- He does not fret ________________
- He sows ________________
- To the soil he bows ________________
Write a letter to your friend about the Great Indian Bustard. You may use the following points:
- Why we need to protect the bird.
- What you plan to do to help the bird.
What is your favourite source of light? Write its autobiography. (10 - 15 lines)
‘Once you begin to learn there is no end to learning’. Write your views on this statement.
Discuss the following and write about the following in your own words in 5-6 lines.
Which events in the story (Part I and Part II) changed Mathilde’s life?
Think and write in your own words.
Why is the maiden Autumn said to wear rice stems in her hair?
Can you think of a parallel scene of dawn or evening when everything is steeped in golden light?
Say ‘WHY’?
One should avoid getting angry about a difference of opinion.
Answer the following question :
What are the advantages of an imaginary argument with a person having a different bias?
Discuss in groups the procedure of planting a tree. Write the steps in bullet points and present them before the class.
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
Make a painting or a collage to show the different things described in the poem.
Read the extract beginning from -
“Her name was Sulekha..... find bridegrooms for them.” Narrate this extract in short, making Sulekha (Bholi) the narrator. Write it in your notebook. Begin with “I was named Sulekha __________________ ”
Work in pairs. Create three slogans on ‘Saving Trees’.
Read this example Save a Tree Get Oxygen for Free.
- Use catchy, meaningful phrases.
- Do not write complete sentences.
- Ensure that the words at the end rhyme.
You find it tough to learn a new language ______
Write a letter of inquiry for the following.
Venkat hails from a remote village of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu who aspires to become an IAS officer. Currently, he is in class X. He notices an advertisement on free classes for the IAS aspirants by a trust in a news paper. He writes a letter to the coordinator of the trust inquiring for further details.
Describe the picture in about fifty words and give a suitable title. Make use of the words/phrases given below.
| many | sea animals | wonders | ocean | fishes | different colours |
| sizes | varieties | rare species | deep sea | under the sea |
Imagine that you are the sports captain of your school. Write a formal letter to the sports captain of another school inviting her/ his team for a friendly match. You may choose any sport. Give details of time and place
Fill in the blank with choosing the preposition from the option.
“It would be a pity ______ destroy it now.”
Do you want to try to write your own paragraph now?
Write a paragraph on Monkey.
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
- ______
Silent letter.
What is common in the following groups of words?
- knee, knife, knot, know ______
- neighbour, daughter, fight, straight ______
- honest, honour, hour, heir ______
Try and make more silent letter words.
gnat: ______, ______
tongue: ______, ______
chalk: ______, ______
whistle: ______, ______
Two stories got mixed up. Sort them out and write them in the appropriate boxes.
- We thought the lion had eaten someone.
- Suddenly the kite lifted him off the ground and took him over the treetops.
- He saw a shoe in the lion's cage.
- Finally, the kite brought him back to the park.
- Our class had gone to the zoo.
- Puran was flying the brand new kite in the park.
- Some children stood and screamed, and some ran to the Director of the zoo.
- Puran was frightened and excited.
- The lion had not eaten anyone, because the shoe was one of the lion's toys.
Correct the use of the describing word in the following sentence.
The flood became badder as the rain increased.
A crab has a hard shell whereas a frog does not have one. There are many animals that protect themselves from their enemies with their outer cover/shells/quills.
In the box given below are the names of some animals. Encircle the ones that can protect themselves with their hard cover.
| crocodile | snail | lizard | snake |
| turtle | tortoise | gorilla | frog |
| hedgehog | porcupine | - | - |
Now paste/draw the picture of anyone's animal. Write five lines about it.
The grandmother was strong-minded. Justify
Animals are capable of empathy. Substantiate this statement with examples from the story as well as your own experiences.
What story did the man standing near the hardware store tell the passing cop?
Read the information in the table below and answer the following questions.
| Sl. No | Event | Year | Affected Area |
| 1. | Earthquake | 2001 | Bhuj, Gujarat |
| 2. | Tsunami | 2004 | Coastline TN, Kerala, A.P., A&N Islands, Pondicherry |
| 3. | Floods | July 2005 | Maharashtra |
| 4. | Earthquake | 2008 | Kashmir |
| 5. | Floods | 2008 | North Bihar |
| 6. | Cyclone | 2008 | Tamil Nadu |
| 7. | Floods | 2009 | Andhra Pradesh & Karnataka |
| 8. | Cyclone | 2011 | Tamil Nadu/Cuddalore |
| 9. | Flash floods | June 2013 | Uttarkhand |
| 10. | Cyclone | Oct. 2013 | Coastline of Orissa & Jharkhand |
| 11. | Floods | Dec. 2015 | Tamil Nadu/Chennai |
| 12. | Cyclone | Dec. 2016 | Tamil Nadu/Chennai |
- What kinds of natural disasters have occurred before 2005?
- Name the disasters that are common in India.
- Mention the states often affected by disasters.
- List out the disasters that are common in North India
- Write three sentences on your inference about the data given.
Write conversation on the following situation.
Between a father and a son on choice of a career
How do you behave under the spells of different moods?
Do you think you can afford to buy all of these at once?
Summarizing is to briefly sum up the various points from the notes made from the below passage.
The Sherpas were nomadic people who first migrated from Tibet approximately 600 years ago, through the Nangpa La pass and settled in the Solukhumbu District, Nepal. These nomadic people then gradually moved westward along salt trade routes. During 14th century, Sherpa ancestors migrated from Kham. The group of people from the Kham region, east of Tibet, was called “Shyar Khamba”. The inhabitants of Shyar Khamba, were called Sherpa. Sherpa migrants travelled through Ü and Tsang, before crossing the Himalayas. According to Sherpa oral history, four groups migrated out of Solukhumbu at different times, giving rise to the four fundamental Sherpa clans: Minyagpa, Thimmi, Sertawa and Chawa. These four groups have since split into the more than 20 different clans that exist today.
Sherpas had little contact with the world beyond the mountains and they spoke their own language. AngDawa, a 76-year-old former mountaineer recalled “My first expedition was to Makalu [the world’s fifth highest mountain] with Sir Edmund Hillary’’. We were not allowed to go to the top. We wore leather boots that got really heavy when wet, and we only got a little salary, but we danced the Sherpa dance, and we were able to buy firewood and make campfires, and we spent a lot of the time dancing and singing and drinking. Today Sherpas get good pay and good equipment, but they don’t have good entertainment. My one regret is that I never got to the top of Everest. I got to the South Summit, but I never got a chance to go for the top.
The transformation began when the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay and the New Zealander Edmund Hillary scaled Everest in 1953. Edmund Hillary took efforts to build schools and health clinics to raise the living standards of the Sherpas. Thus life in Khumbu improved due to the efforts taken by Edmund Hillary and hence he was known as ‘Sherpa King’.
Sherpas working on the Everest generally tend to perish one by one, casualties of crevasse falls, avalanches, and altitude sickness. Some have simply disappeared on the mountain, never to be seen again. Apart from the bad seasons in 1922, 1970 and 2014 they do not die en masse. Sherpas carry the heaviest loads and pay the highest prices on the world’s tallest mountain. In some ways, Sherpas have benefited from the commercialization of the Everest more than any group, earning income from thousands of climbers and trekkers drawn to the mountain. While interest in climbing Everest grew gradually over the decades after the first ascent, it wasn’t until the 1990s that the economic motives of commercial guiding on Everest began. This leads to eclipse the amateur impetus of traditional mountaineering. Climbers looked after each other for the love of adventure and “the brotherhood of the rope” now are tending to mountain businesses. Sherpas have taken up jobs as guides to look after clients for a salary. Commercial guiding agencies promised any reasonably fit person a shot at Everest.
School examinations do not test intelligence. Express your views either for or against this statement
These two passages are examples of a short introduction to works of art - a short review. They cover the following points:
- The name of the creator
- The theme or subject matter
- Type of art
- Individual style
- Presentation techniques
- Its effect on viewers
- Message or interpretation
Choose a book/film and review it in short using the points you have listed.
What makes you laugh?
