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प्रश्न
How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other?
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उत्तर १
Involuntary action is a set of muscle movements that do not require thinking. However, it is controlled by the brain, for example, the beating of the heart. On the other hand, reflex action is rapid and spontaneous in response to any stimulus. For example, closing one's eyes immediately when a bright light is focused.
उत्तर २
| Involuntary actions | Reflex actions |
| These are normal involuntary actions of internal or external organs of the body. | These are sudden involuntary responses to external stimuli. |
| They occur in reaction to internal cues. | They operate in opposition to damaging stimuli, most of which are external. |
| They are related to how interior body parts work | They are related to emergencies, that is, reactions to external stimuli. |
| It occurs without the organism's volition. Heart rate, breathing, etc., as examples. | The brain, not the spinal cord, is involved in several reflexes. |
| These actions are controlled by the brain. | These actions are controlled by the spinal cord. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Name one gustatory receptor and one olfactory receptor present in human beings.
Fill in the following blanks with suitable words :
Our.............system allows us to react to our surroundings. Information from receptors passes along...........neurons to our brain. Our brain sends impulses along..........neurons to our muscles.
Name the function of cerebrum.
The involuntary actions in the body are controlled by :
(a) medulla in forebrain
(b)medulla in hindbrain
(c) medulla in spinal cord
(d) medulla in midbrain
The contraction of pupil of the eye in the presence of bright light is an example of :
(a) Voluntary reflex
(b) Spinal reflex
(c) Cerebral reflex
(d) Adrenal reflex
When we touch a hot plate unknowingly, then this heat is sensed by a receptor P present in our fingers. The receptor triggers and impulse in neuron Q which transmits the message to an organ R which is a part of the central nervous system. Here the impulse is passed on to a neuron S which in turn passes it to a yet another neuron T. The neuron T passes the impulse to a tissue U in our arm. The tissue U then contracts and pulls our hand away from the hot plate.
(a) What is the name of (i) receptor P (ii) neuron Q, and (iii) organ R?
(b) What is (i) neuron S, and (ii) neuron T?
(c) Name the tissue U.
(d) What name is given to the phenomenon in which hand is pulled away quickly from the hot plate?
(e) Name the effector in this whole process.
Differentiate between natural reflex and conditioned reflex. Give examples to illustrate your answer.
State whether the following is simple reflex, conditioned reflex or neither of the two:
Knitting without looking: …………………..
What is the difference between reflex action and voluntary action?
Explain the following term :
Conditioned reflex
What type of reflex is the following?
Solving mathematical sums
What type of reflex is the following?
Formation of goose-pimples in cold weather.
What type of reflex is the following?
Blinking of the eye
Give Technical Term:
The scientist, who conducted experiment on a dog to show conditioned reflex
Give an example for conditioned reflexes.
Reflex actions are mediated through ____________.
Why have reflex arcs evolved in animals?
