Question

Give the structure and name of the product in the following reaction.

Nitration of bromobenzene.

Answer 1

When bromobenzene is treated with concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulphuric acid, it undergoes electrophilic substitution to form ortho and para nitro derivatives.

1. Reaction:
   \[\ce{C6H5Br + HNO3 ->[conc. H2SO4, heat][]\underset{o-bromonitrobenzene}{o-BrC6H4NO2} + \underset{p-bromonitrobenzene}{p-BrC6H4NO2}}\]
2. Structures:
   • Ortho-bromonitrobenzene (1-bromo-2-nitrobenzene)
     
   • Para-bromonitrobenzene (1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene)
     
3. Names of the Products:
   • Ortho-bromonitrobenzene (Minor product)
   • Para-bromonitrobenzene (Major product)