Question

Explain various methods of disposal of waste.

Answer 1

1. Segregation of Waste: 
   • Waste segregation is the process of dividing waste into biodegradable and non-biodegradable categories.
   • Biodegradable waste (such as kitchen waste, food, vegetables, fruit peels, etc.) can be converted into manure.
2. Dumping: Waste dumping, to some extent, represents the final stage of any disposal sequence. An enhanced method of open dumping is landfilling. It can be characterized as the process of using engineering concepts to dispose of waste on land without endangering the public’s health or safety. Effective landfills for hazardous wastes are designed to reduce or eliminate the amount of hazardous material seeping from the fill. An effective landfill also includes a groundwater monitoring system.
3. Composting: Composting is a natural process in which biodegradable materials are decomposed by microbes and converted into manure. Compost can be produced from a small fraction of waste by either aerobic or anaerobic microbial activity.
4. Drainage: Removal of surface or subsurface water from a given area by natural or artificial means is called drainage. The waste management system in industrial areas and towns also includes a proper drainage system. In these areas, a proper drainage system helps:
   1. to prevent flooding during the monsoon
   2. to maintain a clean and hygienic environment
   3. to collect the wastewater for proper treatment.
5. Treatment of Effluents: Effluents can be biologically detoxified if they have little or no heavy metals.