Question

Explain the term ‘modernization’.

What is meant by the term modernisation?

Answer 1

Modernization is a process whereby people cast aside traditional outlooks on reality and embrace changes characterized by freedom of choice, self-affirmation, self-confidence, high social mobility, and a recognition of the innate capacity to think and act independently.
Modernization implies freedom of choice and expression, free access to new experiences, high aspirations, self-assertion, and confidence. Man does not depend on destiny and ascribed status. There is a high degree of social mobility in a modernized society. People seek to achieve something through their ability to work hard, drawing on their innate intelligence and other capabilities. Industrial centers provide such free choices to all.

Answer 2

Though modernisation can be defined in various ways, in sociology it refers to the transition from a traditional, rural-based agrarian civilization to a secular, urban-industrial society. Earlier cultures around the world were built on agriculture, but with the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, rural areas gave way to towns and cities, creating urban culture as we know it today.