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प्रश्न
Explain the role of hormones during the menstrual cycle.
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उत्तर
Role of hormones during the menstrual cycle are:
- The menstrual cycle is regulated by five main hormones: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), estrogens, and progesterone.
- GnRH is secreted by the hypothalamus and stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH and LH.
- FSH causes the development of ovarian follicles and stimulates them to produce estrogens.
- Estrogens repair and thicken the uterine lining (endometrium) after menstruation and stimulate the pituitary to release LH.
- A peak in estrogen levels causes an LH surge in the middle of the cycle (around day 14), triggering ovulation the release of the mature egg from the follicle.
- After ovulation, LH transforms the ruptured follicle into the corpus luteum, which secretes both progesterone and estrogens.
- Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation by making it thick, moist, and vascular; it also inhibits the release of GnRH, thus reducing FSH and LH secretion to prevent development of new follicles.
- If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a drop in progesterone and estrogen levels.
- The decrease in hormones causes the endometrial lining to break down and menstruation to begin, marking the start of a new cycle.
- With progesterone level low, inhibition on FSH is removed, so FSH levels rise again to start follicle development for the next cycle.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Name and explain the role of the inner and middle walls of the human uterus.
Explain the role of pituitary and the ovarian hormones in menstrual cycle in human females
Observe the figure and answer the questions given below.
a) What does the above figure indicate?
b) Which human organs are involved in this process?
c) Name the hormones responsible for this process.
d) After how many days these repetitive changes take place?
e) ‚A woman should stay away from others, as her body is impure during this process.‛ What is your opinion about this statement? Elaborate it.
Give Reasons
The chances of pregnancy to occur are most favourable on or about the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. Explain.
The menstrual cycle ceases during pregnancy.
All occur during follicular phase of menstrual cycle, EXCEPT
When does the following step take place?
Give a reason for the following:
The second half of the menstrual cycle is called the luteal phase as well as the secretory phase.
The enlarged mature follicle bursts to release the egg.
Complete the following table by writing the name of the structure or the function of the given structure:
| Structure | Function | ||
| 1. | Corpus luteum | 1. | ______ |
| 2. | ______ | 2. | Produces male gametes in mass |
| 3. | Leydig cells | 3. | ______ |
| 4. | ______ | 4. | Stores the sperms until they mature and become mobile |
| 5. | Umbilical cord | 5. | ______ |
| 6. | Fallopian tube | 6. | ______ |
