Question

Explain the role of Gandhiji in the Non-cooperation Movement with examples.

Answer 1

Mahatma Gandhi played a key role in initiating and leading the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922) against British rule.

1. Concept of Non-Cooperation: Gandhiji believed that British authority in India existed only because Indians supported it. He argued that if people withdrew their cooperation, British rule would weaken and eventually end, paving the way for Swaraj (self-rule).
2. Stages of the Movement:
   • Giving up titles and honours awarded by the British government.
   • Boycotting government-run schools, colleges, courts, and legislative councils.
   • Rejecting foreign goods and encouraging the use of Swadeshi (Indian-made products).
   • Resigning from government services and refusing to pay taxes when necessary.
3. Mass Mobilisation: Gandhiji, along with leaders like Shaukat Ali, travelled across the country to spread awareness and encourage people to join the movement.
4. Participation of Different Sections: The movement attracted peasants, tribal communities, workers, students, and women, each associating Swaraj with their own hopes and demands.
5. Withdrawal of the Movement: Following the Chauri Chaura incident in 1922, which involved violence, Gandhiji withdrew the movement, reaffirming his commitment to nonviolence (Ahimsa).

Although the movement was withdrawn, it succeeded in uniting Indians and laid a strong foundation for future struggles against British rule.